1. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. place, a three-story, forty-five-ton,
C. place a three-story, forty-five-ton,
D. place a three-story, forty-five-ton
2. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. marked as
H. had been
J. DELETE the underlined portion.
3. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. it started with builders pouring
C. builders started by pouring
D. to start, builders poured
4. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. house, which stands three stories tall.
H. house, in Iowa City, Iowa.
J. house.
5. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one pro...
A. NO CHANGE
B. like the many fireplaces for sale in the city’s archi- tectural salvage warehouse.
C. and carried to the yard in front of the house.
D. to be reinstalled at the new location.
6. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. Driving in from a nearby town, the
H. When the
J. The
7. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. The dolly having been wedged under the building,
C. Then in this process here,
D. Following the first step,
8. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. temporary—and moveable—platform,
H. temporary, and moveable platform
J. temporary and moveable, platform
9. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best...
A. NO CHANGE
B. The house’s old foundation was now crumbling due to the preparation of the platform.
C. The same truck had been used to move a barn and an all-glass greenhouse.
D. The moving team consisted of only four workers.
10. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. hauled as it’s
H. being its’
J. as its
11. Which choice best reinforces the image of the house as...
A. NO CHANGE
B. like a gigantic monstrosity interrupting the typi- cally peaceful scene on the street.
C. like an ancient castle that looked like it would topple over in the lightest breeze.
D. as if it were just another car in traffic.
12. The best placement for the underlined portion would be:
F. where it is now.
G. after the word While.
H. after the word journey (and before the comma).
J. after the word waiting (and before the period).
13. At this point, the writer is considering adding the fol...
A. Yes, because it presents a drawback of the meth- ods used by the house movers.
B. Yes, because it makes clear that the house move was a difficult task to complete.
C. No, because it detracts from the essay’s positive portrayal of the house move.
D. No, because it argues that the house movers were unsuccessful with their task.
14. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. lot, subsequently,
H. lot, likewise,
J. lot
15. Suppose the writer’s primary purpose had been to...
A. Yes, because it outlines how preservationists con- vinced several groups to join a particular cause.
B. Yes, because it explains a house move primarily through describing the work of various groups along the way.
C. No, because it instead argues for the value of pre- serving old buildings through a description of one house’s significance to a community.
D. No, because it instead focuses on the technical aspects of preparing an empty lot for a new house.
16. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. Coincidentally, on
H. Nevertheless, on
J. However, on
17. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. evoke
C. emit
D. eject
18. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. why
H. for
J. DELETE the underlined portion.
19. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. whom is
C. him
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
20. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. as the result from
H. resulting from
J. because of
21. For the sake of logic and cohesion, Sentence 4 should...
A. where it is now.
B. before Sentence 1.
C. after Sentence 1.
D. after Sentence 2.
22. Which choice makes most clear that at this point in the study of N. gardneri, the team had not yet proved that the mushroom’s glow serves an adaptive function?
A. NO CHANGE
B. demonstrate
C. ascertain
D. verify
23. In some way, they reasoned, the species benefits from glowing at night.
A. NO CHANGE
B. way they reasoned—
C. way—they reasoned
D. way they reasoned,
24. To investigate this theory, the scientists created artificial mushrooms out of acrylic resin.
F. NO CHANGE
G. duped fakes
H. simulations
J. replicas
25. to simulate N. gardneri’s glow, they left the rest unlit.
A. NO CHANGE
B. glow and they left
C. glow and left
D. glow leaving
26. Over the course of five nights, the LED mushrooms “caught” a larger number of flies, beetles, and ants then did there unlit counterparts.
F. NO CHANGE
G. than did there
H. than did their
J. then did their
27. Dunlap and his team concluded that N. gardneri’s bright nocturnal glow helps ensure the proliferation of the species.
A. NO CHANGE
B. that, as it pertains to bioluminescence,
C. that once night has fallen,
D. that when it’s dark out,
28. Alerted by the light, insects land on N. gardneri, taking the mushroom’s spores with them when they leave and spreading those spores throughout the forest.
F. NO CHANGE
G. by helping ensure
H. helping to ensure
J. helps ensuring
29. Which choice most clearly indicates that N. gardneri’s glow entices insects?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Lured
C. Vexed
D. Petitioned
30. The writer is considering adding the following accurate sentence to the essay: A total of forty-two insects were captured on the lighted mushrooms; twelve were captured on the control mushrooms. If the writer were to add this sentence, it would most logically be placed at:
F. Point A in Paragraph 4.
G. Point B in Paragraph 4.
H. Point C in Paragraph 5.
J. Point D in Paragraph 5.
31. Given that all the choices are accurate, which provides information about Ibadan that is most relevant to the essay’s discussion of the problems associated with water hyacinth?
A. NO CHANGE
B. the largest city in Nigeria by geographical area.
C. a region with a lengthy wet season.
D. a key fishing industry hub.
32. challenge however; common to river-lying communities: water hyacinth.
F. NO CHANGE
G. challenge, however, common
H. challenge; however common,
J. challenge, however.
33. The writer wants to emphasize water hyacinth’s negative impact, as it is described in the rest of the paragraph. Which choice best accomplishes that goal?
A. NO CHANGE
B. clogs
C. survives
D. remains in
34. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?
F. inlets, with sweeping beds of ivy-like leaves sprouting
G. inlets, where it sprouts sweeping beds of ivy-like leaves
H. inlets; there sprouting sweeping beds of ivy-like leaves
J. inlets; its sweeping beds of ivy-like leaves sprout
35. are knotted networks of roots that inhibits access to the region’s vital fishing waters.
A. NO CHANGE
B. are knotted networks of roots that inhibit
C. is knotted networks of roots that inhibits
D. is knotted networks of roots that inhibit
36. While business analyst Achenyo Idachaba has made a career of addressing challenges like this. She’s counseled many US businesses in crisis, helping to implement sustainable, community-driven solutions.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Although business
H. Since business
J. Business
37. In 2009, she immigrated to her parents’ birthplace—Ibadan. There, in Ibadan, Idachaba would launch an eco-friendly start-up. After seeing fishing boats immobilized by the rivers’ matted surface, she zeroed in on finding a viable solution to the water hyacinth problem.
A. NO CHANGE
B. After permanently moving there in 2009,
C. There, business analyst
D. There,
38. Idachaba learned that the stems of water hyacinth, when dried, were similar in strength and durability to rattan used in handcrafted wicker baskets.
F. NO CHANGE
G. In general,
H. Otherwise,
J. Thus,
39. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the essay would primarily lose:
A. an explanation of why artisans were resistant to using the weed in woven products.
B. a reminder of the seriousness of the weed’s relentless growth.
C. an indication that water hyacinth’s abundance would have made using it in handcrafted products more cost-effective than using rattan.
D. a suggestion that Idachaba understood the full extent of the water hyacinth problems only after she began working in the community.
40. could actually be fashioned into opportunity.
F. NO CHANGE
G. fashionably in
H. fashioned by
J. fashioned
41. Which placement of the underlined portion makes it most clear that Idachaba coined the term “river handicraft product development”?
A. Where it is now
B. After the word used
C. After the phrase experience to
D. After the phrase view of
42. Which choice best completes the sentence and leads into the description of Idachaba’s approach that follows in the paragraph?
F. NO CHANGE
G. consulted other business analysts with whom she had formerly worked for advice.
H. relied on the expertise of area residents to carry out the details.
J. continued to develop ideas for other potential eco-friendly start-ups.
43. Which choice provides the most specific information and maintains the stylistic pattern established in the sentence?
A. NO CHANGE
B. who were familiar with distribution practices.
C. buying and selling various products.
D. who knew about the process.
44. These individuals together collectively formed the base of a cooperative and were responsible for training others.
F. NO CHANGE
G. came together as a group of people to form
H. formed all together
J. formed
45. The venture caught on quickly. Its profits created new sources of revenue and continuous funding for the extraction of water hyacinth. Idachaba’s vision now, reaching other communities, not only helped revive the fishing industry in Ibadan, but also engaged people in a sustainable solution.
A. NO CHANGE
B. vision, now,
C. vision, now
D. vision now
46. Each year, between October and January, millions of Christmas Island red crabs annually migrate nearly five miles from their burrowed homes, in the island’s rain forest to the shores of the Indian Ocean.
F. NO CHANGE
G. make their annual migration of nearly five miles
H. migrate nearly five miles every year
J. migrate nearly five miles
47. As the eggs hatch, the adult females follow their male counterparts, making the long trek back to their inland homes.
A. NO CHANGE
B. homes in the island’s rain forest to the shores
C. homes, in the island’s rain forest to the shores,
D. homes in the island’s rain forest, to the shores,
48. which sequence of sentences makes this paragraph most logical?
F. NO CHANGE
G. 1, 3, 2
H. 2, 1, 3