1. 1. A.
A. NO CHANGE
B. world began, contributing
C. world, began contributing
D. world began contributing,
2. 2. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true statement: The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation was created in 1934. Should the writer make this addition here?
F. Yes, because it clarifies who is responsible for funding the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
G. Yes, because it indicates that Galaxy Zoo has a long history of foundation support.
H. No, because it suggests that the Sloan Digital Sky Survey did not rely on volunteers.
J. No, because it blurs the paragraph’s focus at this point on the tasks performed by volunteers.
3. 3.
A. NO CHANGE
B. for which participants
C. participants
D. meanwhile,
4. 4.
F. NO CHANGE
G. rotation—clockwise
H. rotation clockwise;
J. rotation clockwise:
5. 5.
A. NO CHANGE
B. glaring at
C. viewing
D. noticing
6. 6.
F. NO CHANGE
G. some of it’s
H. its’
J. it’s
7. 7. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one most clearly indicates why the actions described in this sentence were taken?
A. NO CHANGE
B. were reaching 70,000 classifications per hour.
C. turned out to be very helpful.
D. they did successfully.
8. 8.
F. NO CHANGE
G. astronomy, on the other hand,
H. astronomy
J. DELETE the underlined portion.
9. 9. If the writer were to delete the preceding sentence, the essay would primarily lose information that suggests:
A. which data collected by Galaxy Zoo was provided by volunteers.
B. what advancements in astronomy depend on increasingly sophisticated technology.
C. why Galaxy Zoo’s creators were reaching out to involve citizen scientists.
D. where technologies used in astronomy projects are available to public participants.
10. 10.
F. NO CHANGE
G. types understanding increased.
H. types were understood.
J. understanding types.
11. 11.
A. NO CHANGE
B. elitist avenues of expression
C. prestigious publications
D. upscale printed material
12. 12.
F. NO CHANGE
G. endeavors asking
H. endeavors ask
J. endeavors
13. 13.
A. NO CHANGE
B. website,
C. website says
D. website, saying
14. 14. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best ends the essay with an indication of why online projects like Galaxy Zoo sometimes achieve wide-spread participation?
F. NO CHANGE
G. where astronauts first landed in 1969, advancing the space program immeasurably.
H. a place of craters, lava plains, mountains, and valleys.
J. all without getting paid for their work.
15. 15. The writer wants to divide this paragraph into two in order to separate information about the original Galaxy Zoo from information about other projects. The best place to begin the new paragraph would be at:
A. Point A.
B. Point B.
C. Point C.
D. Point D.
16. 16.
F. NO CHANGE
G. year after year.
H. annually.
J. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.
17. 17.
A. NO CHANGE
B. gaze, at the horned,
C. gaze at the horned,
D. gaze at: the horned
18. 18. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion (adjusting the punctuation as needed), the paragraph would primarily lose details that:
F. suggest that a visit to Notre Dame Cathedral is not considered by many to be the premier example as dramatic as it is sometimes portrayed.
G. contribute to the description of the architectural wonders of Notre Dame Cathedral.
H. indicate that the popularity of Notre Dame Cathedral peaked in the Middle Ages.
J. suggest that some visitors to Notre Dame Cathedral think it is ready for another renovation.
19. 19.
A. NO CHANGE
B. last but not least,
C. in other words,
D. though,
20. 20.
F. NO CHANGE
G. than taken more then
H. taken more than
J. taken more then
21. 21.
A. NO CHANGE
B. were now
C. was
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
22. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. features, the cathedral itself,
C. features, the cathedral itself
D. features, the cathedral, itself
23. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. features, the cathedral itself,
C. features, the cathedral itself
D. features, the cathedral, itself
24. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. cathedral, which
H. cathedral. In the book,
J. cathedral. The author
25. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. to emerge
C. emerges
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
26. Which choice best indicates that Viollet-le-Duc played a prominent role in the restoration process?
F. NO CHANGE
G. considered important
H. spearheaded
J. noted
27. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. whom is
C. who is
D. DELETE the underlined portion.
28. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. novel that, like
H. novel that like,
J. novel that like
29. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. positive feedback.
C. favoritism.
D. acclaim.
30. Suppose the writer’s main purpose had been to write an essay about how a masterpiece in one discipline influenced a masterpiece in another discipline. Would this essay accomplish the writer’s purpose?
F. Yes, because it indicates that a much-admired book by Hugo led to the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral.
G. Yes, because it indicates that, partly as a result of a great novel, Notre Dame Cathedral survived possible destruction.
H. No, because it does not establish whether the millions of people who visit Notre Dame Cathedral have read Hugo’s book about it.
J. No, because it indicates that Hugo wrote many books, only one of which was devoted to architecture.
31. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. amid
C. in
D. at
32. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. in contrast,
H. therefore,
J. DELETE the underlined portion.
33. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. colonists, though,
C. colonists, though
D. colonists though
34. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. the colonists
H. colonist’s
J. colonists
35. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. having confessed,
C. and confessed,
D. confessing,
36. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. it “without
H. it. “Without
J. it; “without
37. Given that all the choices are true, which one best completes the contrast with the preceding sentence and offers the most logical interpretation of the quotation from Bradford?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Coffee and tea, when available, were popular among the colonists.
C. It could be caught quickly and easily.
D. Other foods were scarce.
38. If the writer were to delete the preceding sentence, the essay would primarily lose a statement that:
F. paraphrases the quotation from Bradford that appears in the preceding paragraph.
G. makes a new assertion about lobsters that is explained later in the essay.
H. reiterates and clarifies the central idea of the second paragraph.
J. suggests the colonists actually enjoyed eating lobster.
39. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. some
C. these
D. it
40. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. In short order, technological
H. Before long, technological
J. Technological
41. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. usually referred to in the singular as a smack or in the plural as smacks,
C. which were often referred to by most people as smacks,
D. usually called smacks by most people,
42. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. There were improvements
H. Due to improvements
J. Improvements
43. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. New England coast where lobster was plentiful.
C. coastal region of the New England shoreline.
D. coastal areas of the New England region.
44. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. lobster eventually, it became
H. lobster eventually became
J. lobster, eventually
45. Which choice best concludes the paragraph and essay by forming a specific connection between current attitudes toward lobster and those of the colonists?
A. NO CHANGE
B. People credit the current level of New England lobster populations to a strong history of strict controls to avoid overfishing.
C. People say thin-shelled lobster, which does not ship well and is therefore only available on the coast, is the tastiest by far.
D. Today, it’s also much more likely to show up as an entrée on a plate than as bait on a fishhook.
46. ... or null
F. NO CHANGE
G. might be people who could potentially benefit
H. might, or might not, benefit and gain
J. might benefit
47. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. affect the body more than
C. effect the body more then
D. affect the body more then
48. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one most effectively introduces the subject of the paragraph?
F. NO CHANGE
G. involves the intricate parts of the human eye, such as the cornea, lens, and iris.
H. occurs in places with low levels of ambient light.
J. relates to two functions of the human eye.
49. ... or null
A. NO CHANGE
B. is vision:
C. is: vision
D. is vision,