English · Drill 87

English practice 87

97 questions ~9 min recommended

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1. Which choice most effectively concludes the essay?

A. Many schools and parks in Florida are now named after her.

B. NO CHANGE — Her legacy is a reminder that a single voice, armed with a profound understanding of nature, can change the course of history.

C. The Florida panther is still highly endangered today.

D. She lived to be 108 years old, passing away in 1998.

2. A student is drafting an essay about how city parks can support wildlife. The draft reads: 1 In many cities, parks are designed mainly for people: open lawns, paved paths, and bright nighttime lighting. 2 But small design changes can make these spaces friendlier to birds and insects without reducing their usefulness for visitors. 3 For example, replacing some lawn with native plants provides food and shelter for pollinators. 4 Leaving a few fallen logs in an out-of-the-way corner can create habitat for beetles and fungi. 5 There are many different kinds of parks in the world. The writer wants to add a concluding sentence that reinforces the paragraph’s main idea (specific design changes that help wildlife). Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. Some park visitors prefer wide sidewalks because they make it easier to walk in groups.

B. Thoughtful features like native plantings and small “wild” areas can turn an ordinary park into a healthier ecosystem for urban species.

C. Because cities contain so many people, parks often need to be large enough to host concerts and sports tournaments.

D. NO CHANGE

3. Which choice best concludes the paragraph by connecting the specific event to the father's general philosophy?

A. We were all very hungry and ready to eat dinner.

B. NO CHANGE

C. It was getting late, and we still had to set up the tent.

D. My mother shook her head and went back to reading her book.

4. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?

A. Deleted, because it repeats information about the trees that was provided in the second paragraph.

B. Deleted, because it detracts from the paragraph’s focus on the structural engineering of the towers.

C. Kept, because it provides descriptive details that illustrate the "changes colors" mentioned in the preceding sentence.

D. Kept, because it explains why residents prefer to live in the towers during the winter.

5. In a discussion about the benefits of meditation, which choice adds the most relevant information about mental health?

A. Meditation has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety by promoting relaxation.

B. Many people meditate early in the morning to start their day positively.

C. Meditation can be practiced in various settings, including at home and in nature.

D. Some cultures have practiced meditation for thousands of years.

6. The writer wants to add an example that illustrates the rapid growth of renewable energy industries. Which choice best achieves this?

A. The cost of installing solar panels has decreased significantly.

B. Wind turbine technology has advanced rapidly in recent years.

C. Many people are becoming more conscious of their carbon footprint.

D. Solar energy companies have seen a 25% increase in job creation over the past decade.

7. A student is writing a report about how scientists study glaciers: To track how glaciers change over time, researchers compare satellite images taken years apart. They also place GPS stakes on the ice to measure how quickly it flows downhill. In addition, scientists drill narrow cores to examine trapped air bubbles, which can reveal past atmospheric conditions. These methods together help explain how glaciers respond to shifts in temperature and snowfall. The student wants to add a sentence at the end of the paragraph that provides a specific example of how the data are used. Which choice best accomplishes this?

A. By combining GPS measurements with satellite maps, a team can calculate annual ice loss and estimate how much meltwater will enter nearby rivers.

B. Ice cores are stored in freezers so they do not melt before being analyzed in a lab.

C. Some glaciers are so remote that researchers must travel by helicopter to reach them safely.

D. A glacier’s surface can appear blue because dense ice absorbs some wavelengths of light more than others.

8. A student writes the following paragraph for a school magazine about community repair events: At a repair café, volunteers help neighbors fix broken items instead of throwing them away. People bring everything from lamps with loose wires to jackets with torn seams, and the volunteers explain each step so visitors can learn basic skills. The events reduce waste while also making repair feel less intimidating. Many cafés keep a box of spare parts—buttons, screws, and cords—so small fixes can happen on the spot. The student wants to add a sentence after the third sentence that elaborates on how the events make repair feel less intimidating. Which choice best accomplishes this?

A. Many towns also host seasonal festivals that include music, food trucks, and art booths.

B. Some volunteers specialize in electronics, while others are more comfortable with sewing machines and fabric.

C. A few repair cafés operate in libraries, which may already have meeting rooms and tables available.

D. Visitors often sit beside the volunteer working on their item, asking questions and practicing with the tools under supervision.

9. A student is revising a paragraph about why libraries lend more than books. The draft reads: 1 Many libraries now lend items such as sewing machines, Wi-Fi hotspots, and board games. 2 These collections can make expensive or specialized resources available to people who might otherwise go without them. 3 Libraries have long been places where people can find information. 4 For instance, a hotspot loan can help a student complete online homework when home internet is unreliable. 5 A sewing machine loan can help someone mend clothing instead of replacing it. The writer wants to keep Sentence 3 but make it more clearly connected to the paragraph’s main idea (lending non-book items to expand access). Which choice best revises the underlined sentence?

A. Libraries have long been places where people can find information, which is why some people prefer to buy their own books.

B. Libraries have long been places where people can find information, especially in encyclopedias and newspapers.

C. Libraries have long been places where people can find information, and many are built with quiet reading rooms.

D. Libraries have long been places where people can find information, and lending practical items is another way they help communities access what they need.

10. A student is drafting a short essay about the value of translating poetry. The draft reads: 1 Translating a poem is not the same as swapping each word for its dictionary equivalent. 2 A translator has to decide which features to preserve—sound, rhythm, imagery, or literal meaning—when not all of them can survive the move into another language. 3 Some translators add brief notes to explain cultural references that would otherwise be confusing. 4 Poetry has existed for a long time in many cultures. 5 Even when a translation cannot match every nuance, it can still carry a poem’s central emotion to new readers. The writer wants Sentence 4 to elaborate on the challenge described in Sentences 1–3 without drifting into a broad, unfocused statement. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. Because metaphors and wordplay often rely on local history and everyday speech, translators must sometimes invent new phrasing that creates a similar effect for their audience.

B. NO CHANGE

C. Many readers enjoy poetry because it can be read silently or performed aloud at public events.

D. Some poems are short, while others are long enough to fill an entire book.

11. The writer is considering deleting Sentence 6 in Paragraph 1 ("He believed the birds would be easy targets..."). Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it repeats information from Sentence 5.

B. No, because it explains why machine guns were chosen over rifles.

C. Yes, because it contradicts the later information about the birds being difficult to kill.

D. No, because it establishes the government's overconfidence, which contrasts with the actual outcome.

12. A student is revising an informational paragraph about a town’s annual marathon: 1 The Pine Ridge Marathon draws runners of many experience levels. 2 Some athletes aim for a personal record, while others run to raise money for local charities. 3 The race begins at 7:00 a.m. near the river and ends downtown. 4 Along the route, volunteers hand out water and cheer, helping participants push through difficult miles. Given that all choices are true, which option provides information most relevant to add after Sentence 2 to develop the idea that runners participate for different reasons?

A. Last year, the event’s fundraising teams collected over $60,000, and many runners wore shirts naming the causes they supported.

B. The course includes several hills, which can make pacing difficult for first-time marathoners.

C. The town closes certain streets during the race to keep runners safe from traffic.

D. Some spectators bring signs and cowbells to encourage runners as they pass.

13. A writer is drafting a paragraph about a city program that plants trees to reduce summer heat. Read the draft. 1 In the hottest months, some neighborhoods can be several degrees warmer than others because they have fewer trees and more dark pavement. 2 To address this, the city is planting hundreds of street trees and prioritizing blocks with little existing shade. 3 The program also trains residents to water young trees during their first two summers, when roots are still developing. 4 <ins>Tree leaves come in many shapes, including needles, lobes, and smooth ovals.</ins> 5 Over time, increased shade can lower surface temperatures and make walking and waiting at bus stops more comfortable. The writer wants to replace Sentence 4 with a detail that directly supports the paragraph’s discussion of neighborhood heat and shade. Which choice is best?

A. Some neighborhoods have older houses, while others have newer apartment buildings with different architectural styles.

B. Some trees produce flowers in spring, and others produce fruit that can attract birds and small mammals.

C. By blocking sunlight and releasing water vapor through their leaves, trees can cool the air around them, especially along streets with wide, unshaded sidewalks.

D. Many people can identify trees by their bark patterns, which may be rough, peeling, or deeply furrowed.

14. The author describes the process of photosynthesis. Which choice provides the most relevant detail to explain how plants use sunlight?

A. Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of most plants.

B. Many plants produce flowers that attract pollinators.

C. Plants also require soil nutrients to grow healthily.

D. Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.

15. The writer wants to highlight the role of women in the early civil rights movement. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Women were instrumental in organizing protests and advocating for change.

B. Many famous speeches were delivered during the civil rights movement.

C. The movement gained momentum in the mid-20th century.

D. The civil rights movement aimed to end racial segregation in the United States.

16. A writer is drafting an informational paragraph about why some libraries lend out “seed packets” for home gardeners. Read the draft. 1 The Oakview Library’s newest collection isn’t made of books at all. 2 Instead, patrons can “check out” small packets of vegetable and herb seeds. 3 The program is designed to make gardening less expensive for beginners and to encourage residents to try growing food in containers or small yards. 4 <ins>The library also offers quiet study rooms that can be reserved online.</ins> 5 At the end of the season, participants are invited to save seeds from their strongest plants and return a portion to the library for next year. The writer wants to replace Sentence 4 with a detail that better develops the paragraph’s main idea. Which choice best accomplishes that goal?

A. Some patrons visit the library to borrow novels, while others come mainly to use computers or attend community meetings.

B. The library’s website includes a calendar of events, and the homepage features announcements about holiday hours.

C. The study rooms have large windows, and many students prefer to work there during the afternoon because the lighting is bright.

D. Library staff label the seed packets with planting dates and basic care tips so that first-time gardeners know when to start seeds indoors and when to move them outside.

17. A student is revising a paragraph about a school cafeteria’s efforts to reduce food waste. Read the draft. 1 Each day, the cafeteria used to throw away trays of unopened fruit and cartons of milk. 2 This year, student volunteers created a “share table” where students can place sealed items they don’t plan to eat. 3 Other students can pick up those items for free, and whatever remains at the end of lunch is donated to a nearby shelter. 4 <ins>The cafeteria’s walls are painted a light yellow, and the tables are arranged in long rows.</ins> 5 Since the share table began, the school has reduced its lunchtime trash by nearly a third. The writer wants to add a sentence after Sentence 2 that explains how the share table works in a way that makes Sentence 5 more convincing. Which choice is best?

A. The shelter serves dinner to community members, and it accepts donations from several grocery stores in addition to the school.

B. Some students prefer to bring lunch from home, especially on days when the cafeteria serves foods they don’t like.

C. The cafeteria manager started working at the school five years ago after managing a restaurant in another town.

D. The volunteers keep a simple tally of how many items are placed on the share table each day, which helps the school track how much food is being saved from the trash.

18. The writer is considering adding the following phrase to the end of the preceding sentence: shimmering in the heat waves rising off the asphalt. Should the writer make this addition?

A. Yes, because it emphasizes the intense heat and sensory experience of the drive.

B. No, because it contradicts the earlier description of the pine scent.

C. No, because it distracts from the focus on the father’s navigation skills.

D. Yes, because it explains why the narrator's brother was sleeping.

19. The writer wants to highlight the significance of water conservation. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Many people enjoy recreational activities like swimming and boating.

B. Water is essential for all forms of life on Earth.

C. Water conservation is crucial for ensuring a sustainable supply of fresh water for future generations.

D. Desalination plants convert seawater into fresh water.

20. The writer wants to provide an example of how technology has transformed education. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Some educators prefer traditional teaching methods to modern ones.

B. Many schools have adopted technology to enhance classroom instruction.

C. Textbooks have been a staple of education for centuries.

D. Online learning platforms allow students to access courses from anywhere in the world.

21. The text describes a new dietary supplement claimed to boost energy levels. Given that all choices are true, which provides information most relevant at this point?

A. The supplement contains a blend of vitamins and minerals.

B. Clinical trials have shown a 30% increase in energy levels among participants using the supplement.

C. Many consumers prefer natural supplements over synthetic ones.

D. The supplement is available in various flavors.

22. A paragraph discusses the impact of climate change on agriculture. Which detail should be included to support the claim about decreased crop yields?

A. Farmers are adopting more sustainable practices.

B. Crops require specific conditions to thrive.

C. Many countries are investing in agricultural innovation.

D. Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns have led to reduced harvests.

23. The writer wants to add a detail about the economic impact of tourism. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Tourism can lead to increased cultural exchange between countries.

B. Many people choose to travel during the summer months.

C. Tourists often visit historical landmarks and natural wonders.

D. Tourism generates significant revenue and creates jobs in many regions.

24. A student is writing a short profile of a local museum’s “sound map” exhibit. Read the draft. 1 Visitors enter a dim room and stand before a large map of the city. 2 When a visitor taps a neighborhood on the map, speakers play a short recording captured there: a train crossing, a street market, or wind in tall grasses. 3 Curators collected the recordings over six months, visiting each site at multiple times of day. 4 <ins>The museum’s gift shop sells postcards, books, and other souvenirs.</ins> 5 The exhibit encourages visitors to notice how sound can reveal a place’s rhythm and daily routines. Given that all choices are true, which sentence would be most relevant to add immediately after Sentence 3 to maintain the paragraph’s focus?

A. Some recordings were made with a handheld microphone inside a foam windscreen to reduce gust noise and make quieter details—like footsteps—easier to hear.

B. Postcards in the gift shop often feature photographs of the city skyline taken from a nearby hill at sunset.

C. The museum building was renovated ten years ago, and the lobby now features a staircase made of polished stone.

D. The museum’s café changes its menu seasonally and offers discounts to members on weekday mornings.

25. The paragraph discusses the impact of social media on communication. Which choice adds the most relevant information about this impact?

A. Many users post updates about their daily lives on social media.

B. The popularity of social media has increased over the past decade.

C. Some social media platforms have privacy settings to protect user information.

D. Social media platforms allow people to connect with others globally.

26. The paragraph explains the role of bees in agriculture. Which detail most effectively supports the claim that bees are crucial for food production?

A. Many species of bees are currently facing population declines.

B. Beekeepers often manage hives to ensure healthy bee populations.

C. Pollination by bees increases the yield of crops such as fruits and vegetables.

D. Bees collect nectar, which they use to produce honey.

27. A student is revising a paragraph about the history of a neighborhood mural. 1 The Eastwall Mural stretches across the side of a grocery store, depicting the neighborhood’s past and present. 2 Local artists designed the mural after interviewing longtime residents about the area’s changing industries. 3 The final design includes a streetcar, a factory skyline, and a modern farmers’ market. 4 <ins>The paint used in the mural is water-based.</ins> 5 Since its completion, the mural has become a gathering point for walking tours and school field trips. The writer wants to add a sentence after Sentence 3 that explains how the artists ensured the mural would represent many perspectives. Which choice best accomplishes this?

A. They held open studio hours where residents could review sketches, suggest additions, and vote on which symbols best captured the neighborhood’s story.

B. The artists worked mostly in the early morning to avoid painting during the hottest part of the day.

C. The grocery store’s owner repainted the building’s trim the week before the mural was unveiled to the public.

D. Murals can fade over time, especially on walls that receive strong afternoon sunlight.

28. A student is writing an article about how scientists track migrating animals. The draft reads: 1 For decades, researchers relied on leg bands and occasional sightings to learn where birds traveled. 2 Now, lightweight GPS tags can record an animal’s location multiple times a day and transmit the data remotely. 3 These detailed tracks reveal not only destinations but also stopover sites where animals rest and refuel. 4 Some GPS tags are powered by tiny solar panels. 5 With better information, conservation groups can focus protection efforts on the habitats animals actually use. The writer’s goal is to emphasize how newer tracking tools provide more useful data for conservation decisions. Which choice, if substituted for Sentence 4, best accomplishes that goal?

A. The tags can show that a species depends on a specific wetland for several weeks each year, helping conservationists prioritize that site for protection.

B. NO CHANGE

C. Many birds migrate at night, when temperatures are cooler and winds can be favorable.

D. Some researchers also study migration by observing birds from boats during early morning hours.

29. In a draft about community repair events, a student writes: 1 On the first Saturday of each month, volunteers gather at the library parking lot to fix broken household items for free. 2 The goal is to keep usable objects out of landfills while helping neighbors learn simple repairs. 3 Volunteers bring tools and set up stations for small appliances, clothing, and bicycles. 4 Repairing things is a good idea for many reasons. 5 Last month, the group repaired 38 items, and participants left with step-by-step notes so they could repeat the fixes at home. The writer wants Sentence 4 to develop the specific focus of the paragraph (reducing waste and teaching repair skills). Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. NO CHANGE

B. Many people enjoy meeting new neighbors at events that take place outdoors in pleasant weather.

C. By repairing instead of replacing, participants cut down on trash and gain practical skills they can use long after the event ends.

D. Some repairs require specialized parts that are difficult to find in local stores.

30. A student is drafting an article about why some museums are changing how they label objects. The draft reads: 1 Many museums once displayed artifacts with short labels that listed only a name, date, and place. 2 Today, some museums are revising labels to include who made an object, how it was used, and how it arrived at the museum. 3 These additions can help visitors understand that objects have complicated histories rather than existing as isolated “treasures.” 4 The writer wants to add a sentence here that gives a concrete example of the kind of information a revised label might include. Which choice best achieves the writer’s goal?

A. Museums often sell postcards and books in gift shops to help support their educational programs.

B. A longer label might note that a carved mask was created for a specific ceremony and was later collected during a colonial expedition, raising questions about consent and ownership.

C. Some visitors prefer labels that are short so they can move quickly through crowded galleries.

D. Many artifacts are kept in storage because museums have more objects than they can display at one time.

31. A student is drafting a report on a school’s “quiet corners” initiative. The draft reads: 1 To give students a place to reset during busy days, our school created quiet corners in the library and two hallways. 2 Each corner includes soft lighting, a few chairs, and a small shelf of puzzles and sketch paper. 3 Teachers can offer a short pass so students can take a five-minute break and return to class ready to focus. 4 Some students like loud pep rallies, and others do not. 5 After the first month, several teachers reported fewer disruptions during independent work time. The writer wants Sentence 4 to provide relevant support for the claim that quiet corners help students refocus. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. NO CHANGE

B. The corners are located near windows, which makes the spaces feel brighter during the afternoon.

C. Some students use the corners to practice breathing exercises, and they often return to class calmer and more attentive.

D. The school’s sports teams have improved their records over the last three years.

32. A student is writing a profile of a neighborhood tool-lending library. The draft reads: 1 Instead of buying rarely used tools, residents can borrow them from the tool library for a small annual fee. 2 Members check out items like post-hole diggers, tile cutters, and ladders, then return them within a week. 3 The tool library also hosts short workshops on basic home maintenance. 4 The tool library is located in a renovated garage behind the community center. 5 By sharing equipment and knowledge, the program lowers costs for residents and reduces the number of tools that sit unused in basements. Given that all choices are true, which sentence, if added after Sentence 3, would provide the most relevant support for the paragraph’s focus on sharing tools and skills to lower costs and reduce waste?

A. Last spring, a “Fix a Faucet” workshop helped several renters stop small leaks without calling a plumber, saving money and preventing water damage.

B. The renovated garage still has its original roll-up door, which volunteers open during busy weekend hours.

C. The tool library’s logo was designed by a local art student as part of a class project.

D. Some members prefer to borrow tools in the evening because they work during the day.

33. A student is writing about the history of a local riverfront. The draft begins: 1 Rivers are important. 2 In our town, the Cedar River once powered grain mills that lined the east bank. 3 When the mills closed, the riverfront sat unused for decades, cut off by a chain-link fence and a crumbling service road. 4 Recently, the city removed the fence, planted shade trees, and built a path that connects neighborhoods to the water. Which choice provides the most effective replacement for Sentence 1, introducing the specific topic of the paragraph?

A. Rivers shape the places around them, and the Cedar River’s changing role has reshaped our town’s riverfront over time.

B. The Cedar River is one of the coldest places to swim during early spring.

C. Water can be found in oceans, lakes, rivers, and even underground aquifers.

D. Many rivers are long enough to cross several states, and some are famous for their waterfalls.

34. A student is writing a blog post about learning a traditional food technique from a grandparent. The draft reads: 1 My grandmother taught me to make yogurt using only milk, a spoonful of starter, and patience. 2 She warmed the milk until it was hot but not boiling, then wrapped the pot in towels to hold the heat steady. 3 After several hours, the mixture thickened and turned pleasantly tangy. 4 She insisted I write down each step, not because the recipe was complicated, but because repeating it would make me confident. 5 She also told me stories about her childhood while we waited. The writer wants to add a sentence at this point that best supports the paragraph’s focus on learning the technique (the steps and why they matter). Which choice should replace the underlined sentence?

A. NO CHANGE

B. Waiting can feel long, especially when you are hungry and want to taste the final result right away.

C. She explained that steady warmth helps the cultures multiply, which is why she avoided stirring or moving the pot once it was wrapped.

D. Her childhood home was on a street where vendors sold fruit from carts in the summer.

35. Given that all the choices are true, which one creates the most effective contrast to the "thousands of rounds of ammunition" mentioned earlier in the sentence?

A. while injuring a few others in the process.

B. and the soldiers were very frustrated by the result.

C. NO CHANGE

D. which was a significant expense for the military.

36. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it introduces a completely new topic at the end of the essay.

B. No, because it explains why logging companies need to make a profit.

C. Yes, because it contradicts the idea of trees competing for sunlight mentioned in Paragraph 1.

D. No, because it beautifully summarizes the core theme of the passage.

37. In an essay about urban wildlife, a student writes: 1 City parks can be surprisingly good habitats for birds. 2 Even small green spaces provide trees for nesting and insects for food. 3 Birdwatching is a hobby that requires binoculars and a field guide. 4 When park staff plant native shrubs, they increase the variety of berries and seeds available across seasons. The writer wants to maintain the paragraph’s focus on how parks support birds. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. For example, a park’s patch of milkweed can attract insects that songbirds feed on while raising their chicks.

B. NO CHANGE

C. Some birds migrate thousands of miles, while others remain in the same region year-round.

D. Birdwatchers often keep lists of the species they have seen in different locations.

38. The writer wants to emphasize the economic impact of tourism. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. Tourism has both positive and negative effects on the environment.

B. Travel agencies offer a wide range of vacation packages.

C. Tourism generates significant revenue for local economies and creates job opportunities.

D. Many tourists visit historical landmarks and cultural sites.

39. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the end of Paragraph 3: Some sponges found on the reef are thought to be over a thousand years old. Should the writer make this addition?

A. No, because it contradicts the information about the lifespan of coral polyps.

B. Yes, because it provides an example of the ancient marine life mentioned in the paragraph.

C. No, because it distracts from the paragraph’s focus on the scale and diversity of the coral reef ecosystem.

D. Yes, because it supports the claim that the reef is the largest living structure.

40. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it repeats information stated earlier in the paragraph.

B. No, because it provides evidence that light pollution is the primary cause of all sleep disorders.

C. Yes, because it introduces medical information that is irrelevant to the essay's focus on astronomy.

D. No, because it explains the specific negative effect of suppressed melatonin mentioned in the sentence.

41. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it emphasizes the contrast between Elena's perspective and that of "most luthiers."

B. Yes, because it interrupts the flow of the sentence.

C. Yes, because the contrast is implied by the previous sentence.

D. No, because it explains why the cello was damaged.

42. Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous paragraph?

A. (choice text unavailable)

B. NO CHANGE

C. Violins are smaller than cellos.

D. To illustrate the difficulty of her work, consider her latest challenge.

43. The writer wants to end the passage with a statement that reinforces the theme of "voice" introduced in the first paragraph. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. She has given the instrument its voice back, ensuring it can sing for another century.

B. NO CHANGE

C. She is ready to start her next project immediately.

D. She knows that the cello will now fetch a high price at auction.

44. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence: "Some ecologists predict that restored prairies could sequester enough carbon to offset the emissions of entire cities." Should the writer make this addition here?

A. No, because it distracts from the passage's discussion of root depth.

B. No, because it contradicts the passage's focus on historical preservation.

C. Yes, because it introduces a new idea about urban planning.

D. Yes, because it provides a specific example of the prairie's environmental benefits mentioned in the previous sentence.

45. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it suggests that other organs do not produce waste.

B. Yes, because it repeats information stated earlier in the essay.

C. Yes, because it distracts from the paragraph's focus on the brain.

D. No, because it clarifies why the brain's waste removal system is unique.

46. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion (and the commas). Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it emphasizes the unexpected nature of the emus' reaction compared to the soldiers' expectations.

B. Yes, because the transition implies a contrast that does not exist.

C. No, because it creates a necessary pause that mimics the scattering of the birds.

D. Yes, because the word "however" is redundant and disrupts the flow of the action.

47. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it provides a specific recommendation that interrupts the discussion of risks.

B. No, because it provides a standard against which the "sleep debt" mentioned later can be measured.

C. Yes, because it contradicts the previous sentence about sleep deprivation.

D. No, because it proves that most adults do not get enough sleep.

48. The writer is considering deleting Sentence 6 in Paragraph 1 ("He believed the birds would be easy targets..."). Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it repeats information from Sentence 5.

B. No, because it explains why machine guns were chosen over rifles.

C. Yes, because it contradicts the later information about the birds being difficult to kill.

D. No, because it establishes the government's overconfidence, which contrasts with the actual outcome.

49. Suppose the writer's primary goal had been to analyze the ecological impact of emus on Western Australian wheat farming. Would this essay accomplish that goal?

A. Yes, because it describes how emus destroyed crops and fences.

B. Yes, because it mentions the bounty system used to control the population.

C. No, because it fails to mention the specific type of wheat grown in 1932.

D. No, because it focuses primarily on the military operation against the emus.

50. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to argue that apex predators pose a severe danger to human populations living near national parks. Does this essay accomplish that purpose?

A. Yes, because it explains how quickly the wolves decimated the elk herds.

B. No, because it primarily discusses the building habits of the beaver population.

C. No, because it focuses entirely on the ecological benefits of reintroducing a predator to a wild environment.

D. Yes, because it describes the gray wolf as a "fearsome predator."

51. The writer wants to add a concluding sentence that circles back to the main theme established in the first paragraph. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. Ultimately, Richard James left the company in the 1960s to move to South America.

B. Today, engineers continue to use tension springs to stabilize nautical equipment on naval ships.

C. The Slinky was officially inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 2000.

D. It is a brilliant reminder that sometimes, the greatest successes are simply happy accidents.

52. The writer is considering deleting the sentence "He named it Velcro, a portmanteau of the French words velours (velvet) and crochet (hook)." Should the writer make this deletion?

A. Yes, because it distracts from the paragraph's focus on the mechanics of the special loom.

B. No, because it provides an interesting detail about the origin of the invention's famous name.

C. Yes, because the word Velcro has already been used multiple times in the essay.

D. No, because it proves that De Mestral was fluent in the French language.

53. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to explain the chemical formulas of Renaissance paints. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?

A. No, because it focuses more broadly on the modern technologies used to restore and analyze artwork.

B. Yes, because it details the use of lead in white paint and copper in green paint.

C. No, because it focuses primarily on the life and hidden sketches of Pablo Picasso.

D. Yes, because it explains how chemical solvents were used in early restorations.

54. Should the phrase 'where an apex predator's presence creates a ripple effect throughout the entire food web' be kept or deleted from the sentence about trophic cascades?

A. Deleted, because it adds overly technical jargon that distracts from the narrative.

B. Deleted, because it contradicts the idea that the ecosystem was unbalanced.

C. Kept, because it explains exactly how many elk were hunted by the wolves in 1995.

D. Kept, because it provides a necessary definition for the scientific term "trophic cascade."

55. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to Paragraph 4: "For example, a recent scan of a Picasso masterpiece revealed the faint outline of a completely different portrait hidden beneath the surface." Should the writer make this addition?

A. Yes, because it proves that Picasso often reused his canvases to save money.

B. No, because X-ray fluorescence is primarily used to remove dirt, not to find hidden sketches.

C. No, because it shifts the focus away from the chemical elements like lead and copper.

D. Yes, because it provides a specific, concrete example of how XRF scanners discover hidden compositions.

56. The writer wants to emphasize that Richard James's process of turning the spring into a toy required rigorous mathematical calculation. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. NO CHANGE

B. Hoping to make the toy safe for young children,

C. Realizing he needed to find a factory to produce it,

D. After determining the precise measurements needed for production,

57. Should the sentence 'In recent years, similar trophic cascades have been observed when sea otters were protected from hunting in kelp forest ecosystems.' be added to the end of Paragraph 5?

A. No, because it introduces a completely new topic and ecosystem right at the end of the essay.

B. Yes, because it proves that sea otters and wolves share similar hunting strategies.

C. Yes, because it provides readers with a successful example of a trophic cascade.

D. No, because it suggests that the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone was not actually unique.

58. Suppose the writer had intended to write a brief essay exploring how the materials used to make children's toys changed during the 1950s. Would this essay successfully fulfill that goal?

A. Yes, because it explains how steel shortages during wartime affected the Slinky.

B. No, because it focuses on the invention and history of a single, specific toy.

C. No, because it argues that wooden toys were vastly superior to steel and plastic ones.

D. Yes, because it notes that the James family eventually expanded their production to include plastic versions of the toy.

59. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to discuss the financial costs of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?

A. No, because it focuses on the design, construction, and historical impact of a specific attraction at the exposition.

B. Yes, because it explains how much the forged steel axle cost to manufacture.

C. Yes, because it mentions the $25,000 Ferris spent on safety studies and the fifty-cent ticket price.

D. No, because it primarily discusses the architectural features of the Eiffel Tower.

60. Suppose the writer was instructed to write an essay specifically detailing the engineering techniques used to drain wetlands in the 1920s. Does this essay successfully fulfill that assignment?

A. No, because it focuses on Marjory Stoneman Douglas and her conservation efforts.

B. Yes, because it discusses the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.

C. Yes, because it mentions the digging of canals and the building of levees.

D. No, because it primarily discusses the wildlife native to the sawgrass marshes.

61. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to explain the economic theories of Henry George. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?

A. No, because it argues that the 'Monopolist' rules were more fun to play.

B. Yes, because it explains the concept of land monopolies.

C. No, because it focuses primarily on the history and misappropriation of a specific board game.

D. Yes, because it details how The Landlord's Game functioned under the 'Prosperity' rules.

62. The writer wants to emphasize how structurally similar The Landlord's Game was to the modern version of Monopoly. Does the underlined sentence accomplish this goal?

A. No, because it focuses too much on the 'Jail' space rather than the financial mechanics.

B. No, because it fails to mention Charles Darrow's specific contributions to the board's design.

C. Yes, because it lists several iconic features that are instantly recognizable to anyone who has played Monopoly.

D. Yes, because it explains the mathematical probability of landing on certain properties.

63. Which choice most effectively concludes the passage by summarizing the main thematic idea?

A. NO CHANGE

B. The bowl is now waterproof and ready to be used for tea again.

C. The artisan can now charge a much higher price for the restored bowl.

D. Many modern artists are now learning the art of kintsugi online.

64. Suppose the writer's primary purpose had been to explain the underlying physics of electromagnetic fields. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?

A. Yes, because it details the specific high-frequency oscillators used by Leon Theremin.

B. No, because it focuses entirely on the plots of 1950s science fiction movies.

C. Yes, because it explains how moving a hand near an antenna disrupts an electromagnetic field.

D. No, because it focuses primarily on the history, use, and cultural impact of the theremin as an instrument.

65. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer make this deletion?

A. No, because it transitions smoothly into the next sentence about the curing process.

B. Yes, because the phrase implies that the rest of the kintsugi process is perfectly safe, which is inaccurate.

C. No, because it specifies exactly when the artisan is in danger of being poisoned.

D. Yes, because it is overly wordy and provides information that is already clearly implied by the context.

66. The writer wants to add a detail here that emphasizes the extreme sensitivity of the instrument described in the preceding sentence. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. The antennas are usually made of brass or steel.

B. NO CHANGE — Many people try to play the theremin and give up after a few days.

C. Synthesizers eventually solved this problem by using automated digital tuners.

D. Even the presence of another person walking past the instrument can disrupt the tuning.

67. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it highlights the injustice of the situation and the ultimate irony of Magie's invention.

B. Yes, because it distracts from the story of Parker Brothers' corporate success.

C. No, because it explains exactly how many Monopoly games were sold in 1935.

D. Yes, because $500 was a significant amount of money during the Great Depression.

68. A student is drafting an informational piece about how filmmakers create “miniature” effects: Before computer graphics were common, filmmakers often built miniature sets to depict places that were too dangerous or expensive to film at full scale. To make miniatures look realistic, crews carefully matched lighting and used smoke or water in proportion to the model’s size. They also chose camera angles that hid the model’s edges and avoided giving away scale. These techniques are still used today, sometimes combined with digital editing. The writer wants to add a sentence after the second sentence that gives a concrete example of matching lighting. Which choice best accomplishes this?

A. Many directors storyboard scenes with sketches to plan how shots will be edited together.

B. Some studios store old models in warehouses so they can be reused or displayed later.

C. A crew might position a small, intense light far from the model to mimic the hard shadows that sunlight would cast on a full-size building.

D. Miniatures can be made from foam, wood, plastic, or 3D-printed parts depending on the budget.

69. A student writes a paragraph about why some companies are switching to four-day workweeks: Several businesses have experimented with four-day workweeks without reducing pay. Supporters argue that a shorter week can improve focus by encouraging teams to plan meetings more carefully and limit distractions. In some trials, companies reported that productivity stayed the same or even increased. Employees also reported lower stress and fewer sick days. The student wants to add a sentence after the third sentence that provides the most relevant evidence for the claim about productivity. Which choice best accomplishes this?

A. Many offices provide coffee and tea in shared kitchens to help workers take short breaks.

B. Some employees use their extra day off to run errands that would otherwise take time during the workweek.

C. In one six-month pilot, a customer-support team handled roughly the same number of tickets per week after cutting meeting time and rotating coverage.

D. Some industries, such as emergency services, must staff positions around the clock regardless of schedule changes.

70. Suppose the writer's primary goal had been to analyze the ecological impact of emus on Western Australian wheat farming. Would this essay accomplish that goal?

A. No, because it focuses primarily on the military operation against the emus.

B. Yes, because it mentions the bounty system used to control the population.

C. Yes, because it describes how emus destroyed crops and fences.

D. No, because it fails to mention the specific type of wheat grown in 1932.

71. The paragraph highlights the importance of exercise for maintaining health. Which choice best supports the claim that regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases?

A. Personal trainers often create customized workout plans.

B. Exercise can be a social activity when done in groups.

C. Exercise strengthens the cardiovascular system and improves circulation.

D. Many people enjoy exercising in outdoor settings.

72. The text introduces a new educational program aimed at improving literacy rates. Which choice best explains the program's approach?

A. The program is implemented in schools nationwide.

B. Many students struggle with reading comprehension.

C. Teachers are encouraged to foster a love of reading in students.

D. The program incorporates interactive learning to engage students.

73. The section discusses the rise of electric vehicles (EVs). Which choice best introduces the environmental impact of EVs?

A. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, EVs can significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions.

B. Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular due to their cost-effectiveness.

C. The adoption of electric vehicles varies by region.

D. Many manufacturers are investing in the development of electric vehicles.

74. The text discusses the economic impact of technological advancements. Which choice provides the most relevant information at this point?

A. Many people use smartphones to stay connected with friends and family.

B. Some technologies have been in use for several decades.

C. Technological innovations have led to the creation of new industries and job opportunities.

D. The development of technology requires significant investment in research and development.

75. A student is writing about a community center that offers free repair help for broken household items. Read the draft. 1 On the first Saturday of each month, the community center hosts a “repair café.” 2 Residents bring in items like lamps, toasters, and torn backpacks. 3 Volunteers with different skills—sewing, small electronics, and bicycle maintenance—work side by side at long tables. 4 The event is not a drop-off service; owners stay with their items and learn how the fix is made. 5 <ins>The center also rents out its gym for youth basketball practices.</ins> 6 Over time, the repair café has helped neighbors trade knowledge and rely less on replacing items that could be repaired. The writer is considering deleting Sentence 5. Should the writer delete it?

A. No, because it provides an essential example of the kinds of items residents repair at the café.

B. Yes, because it shifts the focus away from the repair café and does not help explain how the event works or why it matters.

C. No, because it clarifies why volunteers prefer long tables rather than separate rooms for each repair skill.

D. Yes, because it contradicts the paragraph’s claim that the community center hosts events only once per month.

76. Suppose the writer’s primary goal had been to explain the chemical process of calcification in marine invertebrates. Would this essay accomplish that goal?

A. No, because it focuses more on the ecological structure and importance of reefs than on chemical processes.

B. No, because it focuses primarily on the Great Barrier Reef.

C. Yes, because it explains the symbiotic relationship between algae and polyps.

D. Yes, because it describes how polyps use minerals to build skeletons.

77. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer make this deletion?

A. No, because it introduces the philosophical concept that is defined and discussed in the rest of the paragraph.

B. Yes, because it defines a term that is not relevant to the paragraph's focus on pottery repair.

C. No, because it explains why the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa preferred the gold repair.

D. Yes, because the philosophy of wabi-sabi was already explained in Paragraph 1.

78. A student is writing a profile of a local poet. The draft includes: 1 Nia Alvarez writes poems that pay close attention to ordinary sounds. 2 In one piece, she describes the click of a bicycle chain and the hush of a bus door closing. 3 She also enjoys cooking for her friends on weekends. 4 Her readings often leave listeners noticing details they had ignored, like the rhythm of shoes on a stairwell. The writer wants to keep the paragraph focused on Alvarez’s artistic approach. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. She drafts new lines by recording street noise and then replaying it to catch patterns she missed in the moment.

B. She prefers recipes that use seasonal vegetables from the farmers’ market.

C. Her friends describe her as organized and punctual.

D. She owns several cookbooks with handwritten notes in the margins.

79. A student is writing a short report about a class project on water conservation: 1 Our class tested how much water different activities use at home. 2 We measured the flow rate of a kitchen faucet by timing how long it took to fill a one-liter container. 3 Water is important for many reasons. 4 After calculating the faucet’s liters per minute, we compared that number with the water used by short and long showers. The writer wants to replace the underlined sentence with one that better introduces the purpose of the measurements described in Sentences 2 and 4. Which choice is best?

A. Some students prefer using digital timers because they are easier to read than analog clocks.

B. NO CHANGE

C. These measurements helped us identify which daily routines offered the biggest opportunities to conserve water.

D. Many cities get their drinking water from rivers, lakes, or underground aquifers.

80. A student is revising a paragraph about translating books: 1 A good translation does more than replace words from one language with words from another. 2 Translators must consider tone, rhythm, and cultural references so that the new version creates a similar effect on readers. 3 Some languages have alphabets that look very different from English. 4 For example, a joke that relies on a pun may need to be rewritten entirely so it remains funny in the target language. The writer’s goal is to provide support for the claim in Sentence 2. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. A translator might choose a more formal or more casual phrase depending on how the characters speak in the original text.

B. Some readers prefer hardcover editions because they are more durable.

C. Translators sometimes work with editors who specialize in the author’s genre.

D. Many bookstores shelve translated novels next to books originally written in English.

81. A student is drafting a two-paragraph article about the benefits of taking walking meetings at work. The draft reads: Paragraph 1: 1 Sitting for long stretches can make it harder to stay alert. 2 Some teams have started holding short meetings while walking outdoors or through hallways. 3 The change of scenery can help participants return to their desks with more energy. Paragraph 2: 4 Walking meetings work best when the agenda is simple and the group is small. 5 Many sidewalks are made of concrete. 6 To avoid distractions, some teams save detailed note-taking for after the walk. The writer wants to add a sentence at Sentence 5 that maintains the focus on making walking meetings effective. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. Some employees prefer to walk alone during their lunch breaks.

B. Office buildings often have elevators and stairwells that connect different floors.

C. Choosing a quiet route and setting a time limit can keep the conversation on track and ensure everyone returns on schedule.

D. Concrete is durable and is used in many kinds of construction projects.

82. In a discussion about renewable energy sources, the writer wants to provide an example of solar energy's benefits. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Nuclear energy is often debated for its safety concerns.

B. Wind turbines are another popular renewable energy option.

C. Hydropower relies on the flow of water to generate energy.

D. Solar panels can generate electricity without emitting harmful pollutants.

83. The writer wants to emphasize the effects of climate change on polar bear populations. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. Climate change is causing the sea ice, which polar bears rely on for hunting, to melt.

B. Polar bears are native to the Arctic region and are known for their white fur.

C. Conservationists are working to protect polar bear habitats from industrial development.

D. Polar bears are considered a vulnerable species by wildlife organizations.

84. The writer wants to illustrate the significance of cultural heritage sites. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Tourists often visit cultural heritage sites to learn about history.

B. Cultural heritage sites preserve history and provide insight into past civilizations.

C. Preservation efforts require collaboration between governments and organizations.

D. Many countries have laws protecting cultural heritage sites from development.

85. The writer wants to illustrate the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem stability. Which choice best achieves this?

A. Conservation efforts have increased awareness about endangered species.

B. Biodiversity ensures that ecosystems are resilient to changes and disturbances.

C. Ecosystems with high biodiversity can better withstand environmental changes.

D. Many species are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss.

86. The writer intends to highlight the challenges of implementing renewable energy solutions in urban areas. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. Advancements in technology have made renewable energy more accessible.

B. Renewable energy sources are more sustainable than fossil fuels.

C. Urban areas often lack the space required for large-scale solar or wind farms.

D. Many cities are investing in energy-efficient public transportation systems.

87. The writer wants to emphasize the importance of mental health awareness. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. Many people find solace in activities like reading and meditation.

B. Therapy is a valuable tool for managing mental health challenges.

C. Mental health issues can affect anyone, regardless of age or background.

D. Raising awareness about mental health can help reduce stigma and encourage individuals to seek help.

88. A student is revising a paragraph for a science club newsletter: 1 In our monthly “repair café,” volunteers help visitors fix broken household items instead of throwing them away. 2 One table focuses on small electronics, like lamps and toasters, while another handles clothing repairs. 3 Repairing items can be satisfying. 4 By the end of the event, many visitors leave with working objects and new confidence to troubleshoot problems at home. The writer wants to replace the underlined sentence with a detail that most effectively supports the claim that the café reduces waste. Which choice is best?

A. NO CHANGE

B. Some volunteers first learned to sew by watching online videos.

C. Visitors often arrive early to avoid waiting in line for a repair station.

D. At the last event, volunteers repaired 37 items, keeping them out of the landfill and saving visitors the cost of buying replacements.

89. A student is drafting a short article about learning a musical instrument: 1 When people start learning the guitar, they often focus on playing songs as soon as possible. 2 But steady progress usually depends on building small skills, like switching between two chords without stopping. 3 My favorite song is played in a minor key. 4 Practicing these basics for just ten minutes a day can make harder pieces feel less overwhelming. The writer’s goal is to add a sentence that provides a relevant example of the “small skills” mentioned in Sentence 2. Which choice best replaces the underlined sentence?

A. For instance, a beginner might practice moving from G to C slowly, then gradually increase speed while keeping each note clear.

B. A minor key can sound sadder than a major key to some listeners.

C. Many famous guitarists began playing when they were young.

D. Some guitars have steel strings, while others have nylon strings.

90. Given that all the choices are true, which one creates the most effective contrast to the "thousands of rounds of ammunition" mentioned earlier in the sentence?

A. and the soldiers were very frustrated by the result.

B. NO CHANGE

C. while injuring a few others in the process.

D. which was a significant expense for the military.

91. The writer wants to end the passage with a statement that reinforces the theme of "voice" introduced in the first paragraph. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

A. She is ready to start her next project immediately.

B. She has given the instrument its voice back, ensuring it can sing for another century.

C. NO CHANGE

D. She knows that the cello will now fetch a high price at auction.

92. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer do this?

A. Yes, because it distracts from the paragraph's focus on the brain.

B. No, because it clarifies why the brain's waste removal system is unique.

C. No, because it suggests that other organs do not produce waste.

D. Yes, because it repeats information stated earlier in the essay.

93. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion (and the commas). Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it creates a necessary pause that mimics the scattering of the birds.

B. Yes, because the word "however" is redundant and disrupts the flow of the action.

C. Yes, because the transition implies a contrast that does not exist.

D. No, because it emphasizes the unexpected nature of the emus' reaction compared to the soldiers' expectations.

94. Which choice provides the most effective transition from the previous paragraph?

A. Violins are smaller than cellos.

B. (choice text unavailable)

C. NO CHANGE

D. To illustrate the difficulty of her work, consider her latest challenge.

95. The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it provides a standard against which the "sleep debt" mentioned later can be measured.

B. No, because it proves that most adults do not get enough sleep.

C. Yes, because it contradicts the previous sentence about sleep deprivation.

D. Yes, because it provides a specific recommendation that interrupts the discussion of risks.

96. The writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer do this?

A. No, because it emphasizes the contrast between Elena's perspective and that of "most luthiers."

B. Yes, because the contrast is implied by the previous sentence.

C. Yes, because it interrupts the flow of the sentence.

D. No, because it explains why the cello was damaged.

97. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following sentence: "Some ecologists predict that restored prairies could sequester enough carbon to offset the emissions of entire cities." Should the writer make this addition here?

A. No, because it contradicts the passage's focus on historical preservation.

B. Yes, because it introduces a new idea about urban planning.

C. Yes, because it provides a specific example of the prairie's environmental benefits mentioned in the previous sentence.

D. No, because it distracts from the passage's discussion of root depth.

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