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Science · Drill 9

Science practice 9

15 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
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Blood Type
B1
AB
Antigens Present
A
A and B
None
Antibodies Present
Anti-B
Anti-A
None
Anti-A and Anti-B

Blood Type
Rh+
Rh-
Antigens Present
Yes
No
Antibodies Present
No
Yes

AB
Blood Type Distribution of General Population
Rh positive (+) 85%
Rh negative (-) 15%
B
A
40

Blood Type
O+
At
A-
B+
B-
AB+
AB-
Caucasian
37
8
33
Percentage of Individuals with Blood Type (%)
African American
47
53
4
4
24
29
2
2
18
1
4
0.3
1
2
0.2
Asian
39
1
27
0.5
25
0.4
7
0.1

Antigens occur on the surface of many cell types and provide a unique chemical signature that allows the body to determine the cell's identity. Antibodies are proteins that attack foreign substances that may pose an immune threat to the body. Antibodies identify a substance as foreign by recognizing and binding to its surface antigens. Each type of antibody is antigen-specific, attacking only one type of antigen.

Human blood is classified into different blood groups based on the presence of certain antigens on the red blood cells. The most commonly used blood group system is ABO. This system classifies blood into four groups (types) according to the presence or absence of A and/or B antigens on the blood cells. Cells may contain A antigens only, B antigens only, both A and B antigens, or neither antigen. Blood also contains antibodies against the antigens that are absent from the red blood cells. For example, type A blood contains A antigens and anti-B antibodies. Table 3.1 identifies the antigens and antibodies present in each blood type.

TABLE 3.1 ABO Blood Types

Blood can also be classified as Rh-positive (Rh+) or Rh-negative (Rh-), based on the presence or absence of a different antigen on the red blood cells. Table 3.2 identifies whether the Rh antigen or antibody is present in each blood type.

TABLE 3.2 Rh Blood Types

The ABO and Rh blood group systems are combined to determine an individual's medical blood type. Figure 3.1 illustrates the distribution of medical blood types in the general population of the United States.

Figure 3.1

Source: https://www.armydogtags.com.

Table 3.3 indicates the distribution of medical blood types by ethnicity in the United States. The values listed represent the percentage of individuals within the given ethnic group that exhibit each blood type.

TABLE 3.3 Blood Type Demographics

Source: http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-types.

1. What is the total number of medical blood types possible for a human being?

2. The name of each ABO blood type is derived from the:

3. According to the passage, antigens:

4. Rh + blood always contains:

5. Blood containing anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies and B antigens would be identified as which blood type?

6. According to Figure 3.1, what percentage of the general population has type B blood?

7. The least common blood type in the United States is type:

8. Based on the data in Table 3.3, which continent's population can be inferred to have the greatest incidence of blood type B + ?

9. In what percentage of the general population are A antigens present on red blood cells?

10. The data in Table 3.3 support the statement that more than half of the:

11. An individual of African-American ethnicity has a greater chance of having a B+ blood type than:

12. Based on the information in Table 3.1, if an individual with an AB blood type receives donated type A blood, the donated blood will cause:

13. Blood type O- is often referred to as the "universal donor" because it can be donated to any of the other blood types. This is because it has:

14. An individual with blood type A- can safely receive a transfusion of which of the following blood types?

15. The percentage of the Caucasian population that has blood type AB- is:

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