1. A meteorologist compared total rainfall across four months at one location. Figure 1 shows monthly rainfall totals. According to the graph, which month had rainfall closest to 60 mm?
Bar heights are approximately: April 45 mm, May 62 mm, June 80 mm, July 55 mm. Caption: Each bar represents the total rainfall measured for that month; values can be compared by bar height.
2. Biologists observed bacterial population growth in a nutrient broth over several hours. Figure 1 shows population size versus time. If the trend from 4 to 8 hours continues to 10 hours, what population size would be the best estimate at 10 hours?
Points are (0, 1), (2, 2), (4, 4), (6, 8), and (8, 16), connected by straight segments. Caption: The population approximately doubles every 2 hours over the interval shown; extrapolation beyond 8 hours assumes the same doubling pattern continues.
3. A student monitored the temperature of a cooling metal rod after it was removed from an oven and left at room conditions. Figure 1 shows the rod’s temperature versus time. Use the graph to determine the temperature at a specific time.
The curve decreases rapidly at first and then more slowly, passing through approximately (0, 200), (5, 120), (10, 85), (15, 65), and (20, 55). Caption: Temperature measurements were taken every 5 minutes as the rod cooled; points are connected to show the trend.
4. A student measured the speed of a cart rolling down different ramp angles. Figure 1 plots cart speed versus ramp angle. Based on the scatter plot, which statement best describes the relationship between ramp angle and cart speed?
5. An ecologist counted the number of insects observed in 5 different habitats during a 1-hour survey. Figure 1 shows the counts.
According to Figure 1, which habitat had the fewest insects observed?
6. A student measured the speed of a falling object at different times after release. Figure 1 shows speed versus time.
According to Figure 1, the speed at $1.5 \, \text{s}$ is closest to:
7. An ecologist compared the average number of insects captured per trap in four habitats during the same week. Figure 1 shows the mean insects per trap for each habitat. Which habitat had the highest mean capture?
8. Based on Figure 1, as the temperature of the oils increased from 20°C to 80°C, the drop time of the steel ball:
9. Based on Figure 1, in which of the following atmospheric layers does temperature decrease as altitude increases?
10. According to Figure 1, the temperature at an altitude of 30 km is closest to:
11. According to Scientist 2, the high levels of iridium found in the K-Pg boundary layer originated from:
12. An astronomer discovers a new star with a luminosity exactly 100 times greater than the Sun's and a surface temperature of 10,000 K. According to Figure 1, this star is most likely a:
13. A weather balloon carrying instruments requires an atmospheric pressure of at least 10 mb to function properly. Based on Figure 2, what is the approximate maximum altitude the balloon can reach before its instruments fail?
14. A lab group tracked the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a stream across one day. Figure 1 shows DO concentration versus time. At what time is DO at its minimum value?
The curve decreases from about 9.0 at 0 h to 7.2 at 6 h, reaches a lowest point near 6.5 at 10 h, then rises to about 10.0 at 18 h and ends near 9.2 at 24 h. Caption: DO was measured periodically; the minimum corresponds to the lowest point on the plotted curve.
15. A student tracked the mass of a wet towel as it dried at room temperature. Figure 1 shows towel mass versus time.
According to Figure 1, the towel’s mass at 15 min is closest to:
16. A physics student rolled a cart down a ramp and measured its speed at different distances from the start. Figure 1 shows speed versus distance.
According to Figure 1, the cart’s speed increases the most (largest change in m/s) over which distance interval?
17. A student measured the density of different materials. Figure 1 shows the measured densities.
According to Figure 1, which material has the greatest density?
18. A student recorded the temperature of cooling coffee after it was poured into a mug. Figure 1 shows temperature versus time.
According to Figure 1, the coffee temperature at 12 min is closest to:
19. A student measured how the boiling point of water changes with altitude. Figure 1 shows boiling point versus altitude.
Based on Figure 1, the boiling point at 1,500 m altitude is closest to:
20. A student measured the heart rate of a subject during exercise and recovery. Figure 1 shows heart rate versus time.
21. A student measured the relationship between study time and quiz score for several students. Figure 1 shows a scatter plot of score versus study time.
Which statement best describes the relationship in Figure 1?
22. A student compared the average battery life of 4 smartphone models. Figure 1 shows battery life.
According to Figure 1, which model has a battery life closest to 14 h?
23. A student compared the average time required for 4 different computers to complete a task. Figure 1 shows completion time.
According to Figure 1, which computer completed the task fastest?
24. A student measured the voltage output of a solar panel under different light intensities. Figure 1 shows voltage versus light intensity.
According to Figure 1, the voltage at 600 W/m² is closest to:
25. A student recorded the number of customers entering a store each hour. Figure 1 shows customers per hour.
According to Figure 1, during which hour was the store busiest?
26. A student compared the average concentration of nitrate in water samples from 4 wells. Figure 1 shows nitrate concentration.
According to Figure 1, which well has the highest nitrate concentration?
27. A student compared the average number of birds observed at 4 different locations. Figure 1 shows the averages.
According to Figure 1, which location has the greatest mean birds observed per visit?
28. A botanist compared average plant height across 4 fertilizer treatments after 30 days of growth. Figure 1 shows mean height for each treatment.
According to Figure 1, which fertilizer produced the greatest mean plant height?
29. A student tested how the time to dissolve a tablet depends on water temperature. Figure 1 shows dissolve time versus temperature.
Based on Figure 1, as water temperature increases, dissolve time:
30. A student compared the average time it took 4 runners to complete a 5 km race. Figure 1 shows the times.
According to Figure 1, which runner was fastest?
31. A student recorded the number of bacteria in a culture over time. Figure 1 shows bacterial count versus time.
Between which two times does the bacterial count increase by the greatest amount?
32. A student monitored the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a freshwater tank during a 10-hour period. Figure 1 shows DO concentration versus time. The line represents measured DO at each hour.
According to Figure 1, what is the DO concentration at 6 h?
33. Based on Figure 1, Strain A has its highest relative enzyme activity at a temperature closest to:
34. Based on Figure 1, the atmospheric temperature at an altitude of 30 km is closest to:
35. Based on the equation in the introduction and the results in Figure 1, what voltage was used in Trial 1?
36. According to Figure 1, within the Mesosphere, as altitude increases, atmospheric temperature:
37. Based on Figure 1, which line represents the reaction with the greater surface area, and why?
38. Consider the results for Strain B in Study 1. If the students had measured the enzyme activity at a temperature of 30°C, Figure 1 suggests the relative activity would have been:
39. Based on Figure 2, if the students set the voltage to 15 V in Trial 2, the current would be:
40. Based on Figure 2, which pH resulted in the highest enzyme activity for Strain A?
41. Suppose the students tested a pendulum with a length of 1.5 m in Study 2. Based on Figure 1, the period would most likely be:
42. According to Figure 1, which of the following pigments absorbs the greatest amount of light at a wavelength of 480 nm?
43. Based on Figure 1, as one moves along the Main Sequence from the upper-left to the lower-right, what happens to the surface temperature and luminosity of the stars?
44. Scientist 1 states that the collapse of the food web was primarily triggered by:
45. According to Figure 1, a star with a surface temperature of 10,000 K and a luminosity of 10⁻³ L☉ would belong to which stellar group?
46. According to Figure 1, what was the drop time for the steel ball in Oil X at 60°C?
47. Consider the solubility trend of Oxygen gas shown in Figure 2. If the temperature of a lake increases from 20°C to 40°C due to thermal pollution, the amount of dissolved oxygen available to fish would likely:
48. Based on Figure 1, as the environmental temperature increases from 5°C to 25°C, the metabolic rate of the Mouse:
49. According to Figure 2, if the botanist places the plant in a dark room and illuminates it only with a lamp producing light at exactly 550 nm, the relative rate of photosynthesis will be closest to:
50. Based on Figure 1, at a depth of 2,000 km, the velocity of P-waves is approximately:
51. Based on Figure 1, the solubility of KNO₃ at 50°C is closest to:
52. A meteorology student recorded wind speed throughout a day. Figure 1 shows wind speed versus time.
At what time was the wind speed highest?
53. A student compared the average reaction time of participants under four lighting conditions. Figure 1 shows mean reaction time for each condition. According to the graph, which condition produced the fastest (smallest) mean reaction time?.
54. An engineer tested how applied force relates to the extension of a spring. Figure 1 shows a scatter plot of extension versus force.
According to Figure 1, what is the approximate extension when the applied force is 8 N?
55. Researchers heated a metal sample and recorded its temperature over time. Figure 1 shows temperature versus time for the sample during heating.
Based on Figure 1, from 2 to 8 min the sample’s temperature:
56. A student measured the number of bubbles produced by yeast at different sugar concentrations. Figure 1 shows bubbles per minute versus sugar concentration.
According to Figure 1, bubble production is highest at approximately:
57. A student measured the concentration of a reactant during a chemical reaction. Figure 1 shows reactant concentration versus time.
According to Figure 1, the reactant concentration first drops below 0.40 mol/L at approximately:
58. A student compared the average number of steps taken per day across 5 people. Figure 1 shows the averages.
According to Figure 1, who averaged the most steps per day?
59. A chemist recorded the pH of a solution as increasing amounts of base were added. Figure 1 shows pH versus volume of base added. According to the graph, what is the pH when 30 mL of base has been added?
60. Suppose a new trial were conducted with Strain A in Study 2 at pH 4. Based on the trend in Figure 2, the amount of starch remaining would most likely be:
61. According to Figure 1, when the voltage is held constant, the relationship between resistance and current is best described as:
62. A student studied how the number of cars passing an intersection changes during the morning. Figure 1 shows cars counted per 10 minutes versus time.
According to Figure 1, peak traffic occurs closest to:
63. A student compared the average number of pages read per week by students in 4 grade levels. Figure 1 shows the averages.
According to Figure 1, as grade level increases from 9 to 12, the mean pages read per week:
64. A student measured the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) in a classroom over a class period. Figure 1 shows CO$_2$ concentration versus time.
According to Figure 1, the CO$_2$ concentration at 40 minutes is closest to:
65. A student measured the speed of a cyclist at different times during a ride. Figure 1 shows speed versus time.
During which interval did the cyclist’s speed decrease?
66. A student investigated how the period of a pendulum depends on pendulum length. Figure 1 shows period versus length.
According to Figure 1, the period at a length of 0.80 m is closest to:
67. Based on Figure 1, the solubility of KNO₃ at 50°C is closest to:
68. Consider the solubility trend of Oxygen gas shown in Figure 2. If the temperature of a lake increases from 20°C to 40°C due to thermal pollution, the amount of dissolved oxygen available to fish would likely:
69. Based on Figure 1, as the environmental temperature increases from 5°C to 25°C, the metabolic rate of the Mouse:
70. Based on Figure 1, at a depth of 2,000 km, the velocity of P-waves is approximately: