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OFFICIAL ACT Form B02 · June 2019

Science

20 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
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=== Effects of Storage Temperature on Apple Firmness and Volatile Compounds ===
As an apple ripens, it undergoes changes in its firmness and in its production of volatile compounds. A study examined how the storage time at 1° C affected the firmness and the volatile abundance of 4 different varieties of apples.

=== Soil Creep and Block Glide ===
Mass movement is the movement of soil or rock down a slope, two types of mass movement are soil creep and block glide. Scientists studied soil creep at 3 sites and measured the cumulative distance that material at the surface had moved since September 1, 1991.

=== Chickpea Absorption Experiments ===
Students performed 3 experiments to investigate the absorption of water by dried chickpeas. The procedures involved measuring the mass of chickpeas after soaking them in distilled water and NaCl solutions at different temperatures and concentrations.

=== Effects of Photosynthesis and Respiration on pH ===
Carbon dioxide is consumed during photosynthesis and produced during cellular respiration. A student performed an experiment to determine how the pH of an aqueous solution is affected by the addition of an organism undergoing both processes.

=== Experiment 1 ===
In Trials 1-5, M was 1.0 kg and 0 was varied. Tube 1 was incubated under different conditions with the organism present.

=== Experiment 2 ===
In Trials 6-10, M was varied and 0 was 50°. Investigations were made on the tension in cables and the mass of the cylinder.

=== Study of Mars ===
The Chryse Planitia area of Mars shows winding channels that might have formed from liquid H2O or CO2.

1. Based on Table 1, which of the 4 varieties tested would best meet the store's selection criterion?

2. According to Table 2, in the study, was the initial average volatile abundance of the Red Delicious apples greater than 2.0 mg/L, less than 2.0 mg/L, or equal to 2.0 mg/L?

3. According to Table 2, this prediction was consistent with the data for which of the 4 varieties of apples?

4. Based on Table 2, which of the following graphs best shows the average volatile abundances of the 4 varieties of apples at a storage time of 60 days?

5. Based on Table 1, which of the 4 varieties of apples showed the greatest change in average firmness between 60 days of storage and 120 days of storage?

6. Do the data in Tables 1 and 2 support the statement regarding firmness and volatile abundance?

7. According to Figure 3, the distance that material moved at Site 5 was greatest between which of the following dates?

8. Which of the following statements best explains why precipitation data were collected along with cumulative distance data?

9. According to the results of Experiment 2, soaking chickpeas in distilled H2O for what length of time and at what temperature resulted in the greatest absorption of H2O?

10. If a 2.0 M NaCl solution had been tested in Experiment 3, the CMU at 90 min would most likely have been:

11. Suppose the procedure of Experiment 1 is repeated at a temperature of 15°C. A soaking time of 120 min will most likely result in a CMU that is:

12. If the chickpeas had not been patted dry after being removed from the H2O, would their CMU more likely have been greater than or less than the value shown for a soaking time of 60 min?

13. How many chickpeas had not been removed from the distilled H2O?

14. According to the experiment, what color indicates a low pH (acidic)?

15. Suppose that there had been no bromothymol blue in the solution placed in the tubes. Which of the following pieces of equipment would have best allowed the students to determine if the concentration of CO2 dissolved in the solution changed during the 24 hr incubation?

16. At the end of the 24 hr incubation, the pH of the solution in Tube 1 was closest to which of the following values?

17. Suppose that in Experiment 2 a trial had been performed in which T1y was 68.6 N. The mass of the cylinder in this trial would most likely have been:

18. Which of the following statements about 0 or M summarizes an important difference between the 2 experiments?

19. Suppose liquid H2O was present on Mars's surface prior to 3 bya. Would Scientist 1 agree that grey hematite might have been present on Mars's surface prior to 3 bya, and would Scientist 2 agree that carbonate rock might have been present on Mars's surface prior to 3 bya?

20. Based on Scientist 2's discussion, did the pressure of rock and soil on subsurface CO2 have the effect of increasing the average distance between molecules or of decreasing the average distance between CO2 molecules?

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