Workspace English Test 97
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OFFICIAL ACT Form 71E · December 2013

English

70 questions ~9 min recommended
00:00
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=== The Greening of Winter ===
I love to snowboard, and, like most snowboarders and skiers, I love to be outdoors during winter. However, busy ski resorts can take a toll on the environment. The clear-cutting of trees to create new ski runs on mountainsides, though, a one-time event, devastate fragile ecosystems and destroys wildlife habitats. The effects don't stop there. People often drive—or in many cases fly—to their favorite ski resorts. Long-distance travel generates CO2 emissions, which, in turn, compound global warming. Once at the resort, skiers and snowboarders rely on extensive networks of energy-hungry chairlifts—gondolas and high-speed quads—to whisk them up to the top of the mountain. Often, on the other hand, the very snow they relish on the trip back down the mountain has been artificially made using powerful snow cannons that suck water from creeks and streams. Due to some of the effects of global warming in recent years, even more snow must arrive to keep the slopes covered. This process further degrades local ecosystems. We've joined a growing number of skiers and snowboarders here in Colorado who take safety classes and participate in a type of backcountry skiing nicknamed "earn your turns." I strap my snowboard and gear on my back. The hike can last for two hours or more, just so I can get in one run down a slope. But I enjoyed the slow climb up the mountain almost like they're the fast turns on the way down. I then step into a pair of snowshoes and hike up into remote areas. Even in the middle of winter, the sun, high in a blue sky, keeps me warm. Like me, wildlife avoids the ski resorts; I spot tracks made by elk, coyote, fox, and even the endangered lynx. Hiking up through the forest, and seeing fresh snow bunched on pine boughs, reinforces my effort to make snowboarding a little greener. And my reward at the end of the slow climb for two hours? Flying down the mountain through untouched snow! I can't imagine buying a chairlift ticket anytime soon.

=== Ashley Bryan: A Shining Life ===
Ashley Bryan, winner of numerous prizes, including the Coretta Scott King Book Award, has created more than thirty books for children. Born in New York City in 1923, this now-retired art professor began his career drawing on the walls, floors, and even the bedsheets in his parents' house. Some of Bryan's most celebrated books retell folktales from around the world. Japan, India, Nigeria, and Zambia are only some of the countries whose stories make it into his pages. For instance, Beautiful Blackbird relates a Zambian folktale that explains how birds of various colors pleaded with the blackbird to grace them with distinguishing markings, such as stripes on their tails or rings around their necks. Amazing, right? In The Story of Lightning and Thunder, Bryan, an award winner, shares a Nigerian legend about a mother sheep and her only son. The two are ultimately banished by the king to live in the sky after the son's youthful pranks were to end in disaster for the villagers. Ashley Bryan's ABC of African American Poetry honors twenty-five poems and one spiritual, "the root of Black song and poetry," Bryan writes in the introduction. Each page spotlights one poem and one letter of the alphabet. The work—celebrating poets Lucille Clifton, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes, and others, invites readers to be enriched by their own heritage or that of another group, as the case may be. Though his books delve at times into somber subject matter—be it slavery, the loss of a harvest, or a misunderstanding between friends—each one emerges as an affirmation of life.

=== Mary Lease—Populist Activist ===
The daughter of a Pennsylvania farmer, Mary Elizabeth Lease possessed a natural sympathy for farmers, which made her a powerful champion in their fight for political reform in the late 1800s. After struggling financially in the Depression of 1873, she and her husband, moved to a farm in Kansas attempting to regain financial security. There, they experienced firsthand the difficulties that plagued farmers at that time, such as high mortgage rates and the railroads' inflated fees to ship agricultural goods. These conditions prompted Lease to become politically involved. By 1888, Lease begun delivering speeches for the emerging Populist Party, a political group that sought to represent the interests of farmers and workers. Party leaders, mindful of Lease's persuasive speaking ability, officially invited Lease to 'stump' for them in the 1890 congressional election campaigns.

=== Political Influence of Lease ===
d the invitation and, during that year, delivered over 160 speeches for the party. A shrewd speaker. Lease presented complex issues, such as interest rates, in a confident, straightforward manner that her audiences understand easier. She denounced big business and bank owners who, she believed, created disadvantages for farmers and workers. Lease used genuinely accurate language to extol the Populist Party's call for election reforms, minimum wage laws, and a redistribution of wealth. Lease also ridiculed her opposition and presented the Populist Party as both the logical and morally correct choice. Thus it was that critics and supporters alike admired her ability to energize audiences. One critic even noted, 'She could recite the multiplication table and set a crowd hooting and harrahing at her will.' Such positive responses to Lease's compelling speeches gave the Populist Party the momentum it needed. In the fall of 1890, the Populists elected five representatives to Congress. In the 1880s, Lease was admitted to the bar and later practiced law in New York City.

1. What is the best option for the underlined part?

2. What is the best option for the underlined part?

3. What is the best option for the underlined part?

4. What is the best option for the underlined part?

5. What is the best option for the underlined part?

6. Which choice best characterizes the preceding sentence's description of how ski resorts' slopes often become covered in snow?

7. What is the best option for the underlined part?

8. If the writer were to delete the underlined portion, the sentence would primarily lose:

9. What is the best option for the underlined part?

10. What is the best option for the underlined part?

11. For the sake of the logic and coherence of this paragraph. Sentence 5 should be placed:

12. What is the best option for the underlined part?

13. What is the best option for the underlined part?

14. What is the best option for the underlined part?

15. What is the best option for the underlined part?

16. Given that all the choices are true, which one ends the paragraph with the strongest indication that Bryan was enthusiastic about art at an early age?

17. What is the best option for the underlined part?

18. What is the best option for the underlined part?

19. What is the best option for the underlined part?

20. What is the best option for the underlined part?

21. Given that all the choices accurately reflect the story as told by Bryan, which one most clearly suggests what it is about the son that results in the fate of both sheep?

22. What is the best option for the underlined part?

23. What is the best option for the underlined part?

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26. What is the best option for the underlined part?

27. Choose the best answer.

28. Choose the best answer.

29. The writer wants to divide this paragraph into two so that the first paragraph focuses exclusively on Bryan's book combining poetry and illustrations of the alphabet. The best place to begin the new paragraph would be at the beginning of Sentence:

30. Suppose the writer's goal had been to write an essay about an artist with a long and successful career. Would this essay accomplish that goal?

31. Choose the best answer.

32. If the writer were to delete the phrase 'ranging from brilliant afternoons to dusks to sinister nights' (placing a period after the word light), the paragraph would primarily lose:

33. Choose the best answer.

34. Choose the best answer.

35. Choose the best answer.

36. Choose the best answer.

37. Which choice best reinforces the notion that the light was intense?

38. Choose the best answer.

39. Which of the following true statements, if added here, would draw a conclusion most consistent with the information presented in this paragraph?

40. Choose the best answer.

41. Choose the best answer.

42. Choose the best answer.

43. Choose the best answer.

44. Given that all the choices are true, which one is most consistent with the main focus of the essay?

45. Suppose the writer were interested in conveying a source of Hopper's inspiration. Would this essay successfully fulfill the writer's goal?

46. A shrewd speaker. Lease presented complex issues, such as interest rates, in a confident, straightforward...

47. manner that her audiences understand easier. She...

48. denounced big business and bank owners who, she believed, created disadvantages for farmers and workers...

49. Which choice most strongly conveys that the language Lease used to confront her opposition was intense?

50. Thus it was that critics and supporters alike admired her ability to energize audiences...

51. One critic even noted, 'She could recite the multiplication table and set a crowd hooting and harrahing at her will.'

52. Which of the following accurate quotations would best conclude the paragraph and create an effective transition into the next sentence of the essay?

53. In the fall of 1890, the Populists elected five representatives to Congress...

54. Given that all the choices are true, which one most effectively concludes the paragraph and the essay by maintaining the essay's focus on the power of Lease's political influence?

55. Suppose the writer's goal had been to write an informative essay tracing the evolution of broad changes in a political party's beliefs. Does this essay accomplish that goal?

56. With a Little Help from Friends. Quino checkerspot butterflies, each a red and black flutter of stained glass, ranging along the Pacific coast...

57. With temperatures rising in the butterflies' southernmost habitats, plants that attract them...

58. Conservation biologist Camille Parmesan...

59. On the other hand, those currently living now in the cool, wet climates...

60. So, Parmesan has proposed a way to save the quarter-sized butterflies and that doing so, maintain biodiversity...

61. The writer is considering adding the phrase 'among some of her colleagues' here. Should the writer make this addition?

62. For migrating checkerspots, there's an additional problem: Los Angeles lies directly in their path should they be inclined to try migrating to cooler climates. Parmesan is transporting cocoons north of L.A., hoping to augment the existing...

63. Which choice most clearly emphasizes Los Angeles's size as a barrier to the butterflies' migration?

64. Parmesan is transporting cocoons north of L.A., hoping to augment the existing population by moving cocoons from one place to the other...

65. Opponents of assisted migration sight as two deterrents the cost and the likelihood that human interference could turn a species into an invasive pest...

66. For the sake of the logic and coherence of this paragraph. Sentence 2 should be placed:

67. Even so, many biologists consider any assisted migration the hubris of people who believe you had...

68. The temptation to interfere says critics...

69. caution frustrates Parmesan she believes such a mindset ignores the fact that the alternative outcome...

70. Doing nothing, she insists, ultimately outweighs any risk that comes from doing something...