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OFFICIAL ACT Form H11 · September 2024

Science

18 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
Score
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=== Diesel Fuel Types ===
The properties of diesel fuel depend on the source material from which the fuel is made. Petroleum diesel is made from petroleum, and biodiesel is made from plants or algae. Table 1 shows the source material for each of the 4 diesel fuel types (Types W, X, Y, and Z).

=== Root Nodules and Soybean Plants ===
The roots of soybean plants can produce structures called root nodules. Root nodules have been found to contain a certain species of bacteria. Four students each predicted the function of root nodules and the effect of the bacteria on the soybean plants. Then the students conducted an experiment to test their predictions.

=== Newton's Cradle Experiments ===
A Newton’s cradle consists of a row of metal spheres hung by strings from a frame... Scientists performed 2 studies with the Newton’s cradle to examine the time between collision and ejection.

=== Selenium and Organic Matter in Sediments ===
In the area of an ocean shoreline, the element selenium (Se) was found attached to particles of organic matter (OM)...

=== Experiment 1 & 2 ===
Samples of a 5.9 g/L aqueous Ni2+ solution were placed into 4 separate cuvettes (Trials 7−10). Each cuvette had a different width in millimeters (mm). The A of each solution was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. Experiment was repeated for other variables involving different Ni2+ concentrations.

=== Experiment 1 & 2 ===
Certain strains of bacteria can communicate by releasing and detecting the molecule VAI. The scientists placed 1 L of a growth medium without VAI into a flask and added specific strains of bacteria to observe their behavior over time.

1. Which 2 types of diesel fuel were made from the same type of plant?

2. Based on Tables 1 and 3, was the diesel fuel type that burned for the shortest time in an oil lamp a type of biodiesel?

3. Based on Table 3, the time that it took for Type W to drain from a pipet was approximately how many times as great as the time that it took for Type X to drain from a pipet?

4. Consider the procedure used to obtain the data shown in Table 2. If the water in the can had an initial temperature of 22°C before the fuel sample was burned, what was the temperature of the water immediately after the Type Z fuel sample was burned?

5. Suppose that the procedures used to obtain the data shown in Table 2 were repeated except that 200.0 mL of water was in the aluminum can. Would the water temperature increases obtained more likely be greater than or less than the values listed in Table 2?

6. Consider only the biodiesel fuel types listed in Table 1. Based on Table 2, which of the biodiesel fuel types caused the temperature of the water in the can to increase the most?

7. Students 2 and 4 both indicated that root nodules:

8. Suppose that an additional study showed that if the bacteria were present, soybean plants required less fertilizer to reach their maximum size. This result would support the prediction(s) of which of the students?

9. How did the students ensure that the bacteria were present in only half of the pots? They filled the pots with a:

10. Are the results for average plant dry mass more consistent with the prediction of Student 2 or with the prediction of Student 3?

11. How many of the students, if any, stated that the bacteria must produce nitrogen to infect a plant’s roots?

12. In which of the following ways did Study 1 differ from Study 2?

13. Based on the results of Study 2, at a release height of 0.1 cm, does the prediction that the interaction time will be longer with a large sphere hold true?

14. Upon completion of both studies, a total of how many trials had been conducted?

15. Consider the results of Study 1 trials in which a release height of 1.0 cm was tested. For each small sphere added to the row, the interaction time increased by a value closest to which of the following?

16. Based on the descriptions of the spheres used in the studies, a row of 4 small spheres would have what length?

17. Based on Figure 2, which of the following graphs best shows the average Se contents of the sediments taken from a depth of 7 cm?

18. According to Figure 3, the average OM contents, in percent by mass, rises highest at what depth?

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