1. Unbricking a kiln after a firing is like a person ___.
A. NO CHANGE
B. someone
C. a potter
D. OMIT the underlined portion.
2. The writer would like to suggest the potter’s cautious pace and sense of anticipation in opening the kiln. Given that all the choices are true, which one best accomplishes the writer’s goal?
F. NO CHANGE
G. removes bricks by hand
H. removes one brick at a time
J. experiences great anticipation and removes bricks
3. The process of creating ceramics begins in a studio.
A. NO CHANGE
B. rewarding
C. reward
D. as a reward for
4. My friend Ellen is typical of many more potters in that ___.
F. NO CHANGE
G. of many
H. mostly of
J. for most
5. Over many weeks, as time goes by, her collection ___ slowly grows: clay bowls, cups, vases, and sculptures fill the studio.
A. NO CHANGE
B. with the passing of time,
C. gradually,
D. OMIT the underlined portion.
6. She then carries the assortment outside to the wood-fired kiln, ___.
F. NO CHANGE
G. the brick structure is
H. a brick structure
J. brick
7. The writer is considering deleting the phrase 'and transform glazes to glorious colors' from the preceding sentence. Should the phrase be kept or deleted?
A. Kept, because it emphasizes that painting pottery is a time-consuming process.
B. Kept, because it is relevant to the essay’s focus on the role of kilns in making pottery.
C. Deleted, because the appearance of the pottery is not as important to the essay’s focus as how kilns function.
D. Deleted, because this level of detail is not consistent with the essay’s description of a kiln firing.
8. When the objects are in place, she backs out gingerly and seals the chamber shut with bricks. ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. stoops to carefully arrange
H. bends over to arrange with care
J. carefully stoops over to arrange
9. The next morning, using twigs, ___ she starts a small blaze in the firebox.
A. NO CHANGE
B. morning, using twigs for kindling,
C. morning, using twigs for kindling;
D. morning using twigs, for kindling,
10. By nightfall a controlled inferno roars in the kiln. ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. the fire is stronger than ever
H. there is more heat being produced
J. a kind of intense blaze takes place
11. Occasionally, the fire chugs like a train engine, hungry for more oxygen. Each time the fire is stoked, sparks ___ shoot from the chimney into the night sky.
A. On occasion,
B. Once in a while,
C. Now and then,
D. Time or again,
12. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?
F. at the chimney in
G. up the chimney toward
H. through the chimney up into
J. out the chimney into
13. Given that all the choices are true, which one provides the most specific detail and maintains the style and tone of the essay?
A. NO CHANGE
B. rises beyond belief,
C. soars well above a thousand degrees,
D. elevates in increments to the point that a temperature of more than one thousand degrees is reached,
14. Having died down, she bricks up the firebox as well, ___ sealing the remaining heat inside.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Finally it dies
H. With a blaze that dies
J. Once the blaze dies
15. Each piece ___ as it meets the light of day.
A. NO CHANGE
B. labor, which is the fire’s
C. labor, of which the fire is
D. labor, and the fire is
16. Last week, he told me he had to go on a business trip in connection with his work and ___.
F. NO CHANGE
G. having something to do with his job
H. that involved traveling to another city
J. OMIT the underlined portion.
17. Soon after I arrived, my ___ said she had a gift for me.
A. Not long
B. A short time
C. As soon
D. Shortly
18. “It belonged ___ to my mother, your grandma.
F. NO CHANGE
G. aunt, said
H. aunt said,
J. aunt said;
19. The writer is considering deleting the first part of the preceding sentence, so that the sentence would read: She led me outside. If the writer were to make this change, the essay would primarily lose:
A. details that indicate to the reader what will eventually happen.
B. the contrast between the gift and what the narrator had anticipated receiving.
C. examples of the kinds of gifts the narrator normally receives.
D. an indication of how close the narrator and her aunt are.
20. Rosie must ___ have heard us talking, because she began to amble over to us.
F. NO CHANGE
G. have heard of
H. of heard about
J. of heard
21. As soon as my aunt assured me that Rosie wouldn’t snap or bite, I reached down to stroke her neck, ___ admiring her brown and tan carapace, or upper shell.
A. After my
B. When my
C. My
D. Once my
22. Upon reviewing this paragraph and realizing that some information has been left out, the writer composes the following sentence: 'This is Rosie,' she announced. This sentence should most logically be placed after Sentence:
F. 1.
G. 2.
H. 3.
J. 4.
23. Rosie, it turns out is: a desert tortoise that my grandmother had started raising ___ over twenty years ago.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Rosie, it turns out, is
C. Rosie, it turns out is
D. Rosie it turns out, is
24. My aunt said that she would have checked with my parents, who each agreed that if I wanted to take responsibility for Rosie, I could take her home with me. ___
F. begun to raise
G. started to raise
H. started up raising
J. begun raising
25. My aunt said that she would have checked with my parents, who each agreed that if I wanted to take responsibility for Rosie, I could take her home with me. ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. had checked
C. would check
D. must check
26. It’s interesting that Rosie is older than I am. ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. I asked my aunt about Rosie’s needs and care.
H. Most tortoise species are now found only in Africa.
J. Some giant tortoises weigh as much as 180 kilograms.
27. Tortoises are land-dwelling, vegetarian turtles. They can experience the satisfaction of contentment through ___ a diet of grass clippings, lettuce, broccoli, melons, and other vegetables and fruit.
A. NO CHANGE
B. reap their necessary nutritional requirements from
C. be kept as happy as a clam with
D. be adequately nourished by
28. I learned that I should build plywood enclosures in each of my parents’ backyards so that Rosie would be safe year-round. I learned that tortoises are among the most endangered ___ families in reptiles.
F. NO CHANGE
G. families of
H. family in
J. family of
29. Though he had limited access to formal education, Banneker nevertheless demonstrated a keen curiosity and a consuming interest in acquiring knowledge.
A. A. NO CHANGE
B. limiting his access to formal education,
C. his access to formal education was limited,
D. it was difficult for him to acquire formal education,
30. His grandmother was an indentured servant from England whom, after completing the term of her contract, bought some land and then married a freed slave.
A. A. NO CHANGE
B. who,
C. which,
D. OMIT the underlined portion.
31. Should the writer add this sentence here?
F. Yes, because it shows the extent of control that masters held over indentured servants.
G. Yes, because it is necessary to understanding the essay as a whole.
H. No, because it provides information that is included elsewhere in the essay.
J. No, because it would distract readers from the main topic of the essay.
32. Which choice most effectively concludes and summarizes this essay?
F. NO CHANGE
G. Calculator of the paths of the Sun and Moon, Benjamin Banneker became interested in how things work when he took apart a pocket watch and made some drawings.
H. Clock designer and farmer, Benjamin Banneker acquired responsibility for the farm at a young age but retained an interest in learning.
J. Farmer, inventor, and self-taught mathematician and astronomer, Benjamin Banneker took advantage of every opportunity to learn and contribute to the society of his time.
33. For the sake of the logic and coherence of this essay, Paragraph 5 should be placed:
A. where it is now.
B. after Paragraph 1.
C. after Paragraph 2.
D. after Paragraph 3.
34. How should the underlined portion of this sentence be corrected?
F. NO CHANGE
G. of great remoteness.
H. that are uncivilized.
J. OMIT the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period.
35. Which of the following correctly describes kayaks?
A. NO CHANGE
B. One is
C. They are
D. Which are
36. The writer is considering deleting the preceding sentence. Should this sentence be kept or deleted?
F. Kept, because the reader needs to understand the different types of kayaks.
G. Kept, because it helps the reader visualize the kayak’s construction.
H. Deleted, because it is not relevant to the preceding sentence.
J. Deleted, because it is unnecessarily wordy.
37. How should the underlined portion of this sentence be corrected?
A. NO CHANGE
B. kayaks, are
C. kayaks are
D. kayaks—are
38. Which option fits best in place of the underlined portion?
F. NO CHANGE
G. very biggest
H. more large
J. larger
39. How should the underlined portion of this sentence be corrected?
A. NO CHANGE
B. water; the tumultuous rapids of swift-moving rivers,
C. water, the tumultuous rapids of swift-moving rivers,
D. water the tumultuous rapids of swift-moving rivers,
40. The writer is considering deleting the following phrase from the preceding sentence. Should this phrase be kept or deleted?
F. Kept, because it clarifies that thermophiles live in both the Pacific Ocean and Juan de Fuca Ridge.
G. Kept, because it provides specific details about the “Here” referred to in the next sentence.
H. Deleted, because it contradicts the preceding paragraph, which makes it clear that thermophiles do not live in water only.
J. Deleted, because this information is provided later in this paragraph.
41. Given that all the choices are true, which one would LEAST effectively introduce the subject of Paragraph 4?
A. NO CHANGE
B. According to researchers, the environment of a cold-loving extremophile, or psychrophile, is as extreme as that of a heat-loving thermophile.
C. Certain extremophiles, called psychrophiles, thrive in cold environments rather than hot ones.
D. Other types of extremophiles—cold-loving psychrophiles—have been found in temperatures as low as –17 degrees Celsius.
42. Should the following clause be kept or deleted?
F. Kept, because it clarifies for readers that life in extreme environments on Earth may not exist.
G. Kept, because it makes the connection between life on Earth and the possibility of life on other planets.
H. Deleted, because it contradicts the essay’s main point by implying that life may not exist in extreme environments.
J. Deleted, because it misleads readers into thinking the paragraph is about life on Earth rather than life on other planets.
43. Which transition fits best in place of the underlined portion?
A. NO CHANGE
B. On the other hand,
C. However,
D. Indeed,