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OFFICIAL ACT Form 71C · 2012

Science

16 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
Score
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=== Seismic Waves ===
Earthquakes produce seismic waves that can travel long distances through Earth. Two types of seismic waves are p-waves and s-waves. P-waves typically travel 6−13 km/sec and s-waves typically travel 3.5−7.5 km/sec.

=== Lake Agassiz ===
Lake Agassiz existed between 11,700 and 9,500 years ago in North America. The lake was formed when a large glacier dammed several rivers.

=== Shaken Soda Experiment ===
Some students tested their hypothesis that the presence of bubbles in cans of various liquids would affect the roll time of the can down an incline.

=== Photosynthesis ===
The chemical reactions associated with photosynthesis can be summarized with the following chemical equation: 6CO₂ + 12H₂O + energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O.

=== Plastics Density Experiment ===
Students performed experiments to determine the density of common plastics and how different plastic beads behave in various liquids.

=== Bacterial Fermentation ===
Bacteria break down sugars by fermentation. Researchers performed experiments using broth that contained either the sugar sucrose or the sugar lactose.

=== Experiment 1 Results ===
In the experiment, results were taken for Species D in sucrose broth and lactose broth. The observations were noted.

=== DNA Hypothesis ===
In the 1940s, scientists believed all genetic material was contained in chromosomes found only in the nucleus.

=== Protein Hypothesis ===
The Protein Hypothesis states that genes are made only of proteins, highlighting their importance in a cell's structure.

1. According to Figure 1, when p-waves encounter the boundary between the mantle and the core, the p-waves most likely:

2. Based on Figure 3, for a given seismograph, the time elapsed between the arrival of the first p-waves and the arrival of the first s-waves from an earthquake focus 10,500 km away would most likely be:

3. Based on the information provided, the 'time earthquake starts at the focus' in Figure 2 corresponds to which of the following points on Figure 3?

4. According to Figure 2, which of the following statements best describes the relative amplitudes of the first p-waves to arrive at the seismograph and the first s-waves to arrive at the seismograph? The amplitude of the first p-waves to arrive at the seismograph is:

5. According to Figure 2, the lake clay deposit is thinnest at which of the following cities or sites?

6. According to Figure 3, at Sites 1, 2, and 3, the smallest δ18O value of the groundwater in the lake clay was recorded at a depth between:

7. According to Figure 2, as the thickness of the lake clay deposit increases from Grand Forks to Site 3, the thickness of the glacial till beneath it:

8. Precipitation that falls at Sites 1, 2, and 3 soaks into the soil until it reaches the groundwater table about 3 m below the surface. Based on Figure 3, and assuming no alteration of the precipitation, the δ18O value of present-day precipitation in the study area is closest to:

9. In Experiment 3, what is the most likely reason the students used the plastic bottle rather than an aluminum can? Compared to an aluminum can, the plastic bottle:

10. Based on the results of Experiments 1 and 2, in which of the following trials, before shaking, were the average speeds of the cans the same?

11. Based on Table 1 and Figure 1, which color of light is associated with the wavelength of light that results in the greatest absorption by chlorophyll b?

12. In eukaryotic organisms, the chemical reactions associated with the chemical equation shown in the passage typically occur within which of the following structures?

13. In Experiment 1, the density of ethanol was found to be:

14. Based on the results of Experiments 1−3, the density of PA-11 is most likely:

15. In Experiment 1, which of the bacterial species fermented lactose?

16. Suppose that in Experiment 2 both Species B and Species C had been added to a large test tube containing sucrose broth and to a large test tube containing lactose broth. Which of the following would most likely depict the results?

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