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OFFICIAL ACT Form D05 · 04 2021

Science

14 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
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=== Trait R Inheritance ===
absence of Trait R in a person is determined entirely by alleles of Gene R. Gene R has 2 alleles: R, which is dominant, and r, which is recessive. A teacher gave the students a pedigree showing the inheritance of Trait R in a particular family. Each individual represented in the pedigree was assigned a number for reference. Based on the pedigree, each student proposed a hypothesis explaining the pattern of inheritance for Trait R in this family. Student 1's hypothesis suggested Gene R is located on the X chromosome, whereas Student 2 proposed it is not located on any sex chromosome.

=== Capsaicinoid Concentration in Chili Peppers ===
The hot, spicy flavor of chili peppers is directly proportional to the concentration of capsaicinoids. Scientists studied the effects of fertilizer application and pepper color on the capsaicinoid concentration of 3 varieties of chili peppers. Each variety was divided into groups and planted in different plots. The total capsaicinoid concentration was determined for each plot.

1. Which student, if any, would be likely to predict that the Gene R genotype of Individual 5 is rr?

2. Which of the following tables is most consistent with the hypothesis of Student 3?

3. Which of Student 2 or Student 3 implied that Trait R is a recessive trait?

4. Suppose that Individual 20 and Individual 21 have a biological child. Based on Student 2’s hypothesis, what is the probability that the child will have Trait R?

5. Based on Student 1’s hypothesis, is an individual with the Gene R genotype RR female or male, and does the individual have Trait R?

6. Which of the students proposed a pattern of inheritance that would most likely result in Trait R being rarer in females than in males?

7. Consider Individuals 3 and 4 and their offspring. Is this portion of the pedigree more consistent with the hypothesis of Student 1 or the hypothesis of Student 3?

8. The hottest peppers in the study were most likely those of which variety grown in which plot?

9. Based on the results of the study for V1 in the plots that had fertilizer applied, would the SHU rating likely have been higher for green peppers or for red peppers?

10. Consider the statement 'For a given variety of pepper grown without applied fertilizer, the total capsaicinoid concentration of red peppers is generally higher than that of green peppers.' Are the results of the study for V3 consistent with this statement?

11. Assume that 50 kg of fertilizer was applied to each plot that was fertilized in the study. What would the total capsaicinoid concentration have been for a new plot type with 100 kg of fertilizer applied?

12. For each of the 3 pepper varieties, which plot was most likely intended to serve as the control for the effect of applied fertilizer on peppers that were harvested when they were red?

13. Based on the description of the study, how many pepper plants were planted in each plot?

14. Assume that the average mass of a dried V1 pepper was 20 g. On average, the total mass, in milligrams, of capsaicinoids found in a V1 pepper from Plot M was closest to which of the following?

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