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OFFICIAL ACT Form Z04 · 04 2021

Science

16 questions ~9 min recommended
⏱ 00:00
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=== Movement of Rocks in Playa ===
In a particular playa (relatively flat, dry desert basin) evidence shows that some large rocks have moved along the surface, leaving shallow trails in the clay sediment, some up to several hundred meters long. Three scientists provided explanations for how these rocks moved.

=== Experiment on Diet Cola ===
When certain substances are added to diet cola, CO2 gas is produced, generating a foam. Two experiments were done to study this process.

=== Effects of pH and Nickel Concentration on Plant Growth ===
Scientists studied the effects of pH and nickel concentration on plant growth and the uptake of iron and zinc by plants.

=== Ammonia Production ===
Ammonia (NH3) can be produced according to the chemical equation. The equilibrium arrow indicates that this reaction proceeds in both directions until it is at equilibrium, so that both the forward reaction (production of NH3) and the backward reaction (production of N and H2) occur at the same rate.

=== Passage on NH Production ===
the amount of NH produced would most likely have been: A. less than 230 kg. B. between 230 kg and 320 kg. C. between 320 kg and 410 kg. D. greater than 410 kg. At 1 atm of pressure, the melting point of NH is −77°C and the boiling point of NH is −33°C. Based on this information and the description of the apparatus, when the NH exited the condenser, was it more likely a solid or a liquid?

=== Passage on Experimental Results ===
According to the results of Experiment 1, for any given catalyst, as the temperature was increased, the number of cycles needed to complete the reaction: A. increased only. B. decreased only. C. increased, then decreased. D. decreased, then increased.

=== Passage on Catalyst Use ===
In Experiment 1, 26 cycles were needed to complete the reaction at 450°C when which catalyst was used? F. Catalyst W G. Catalyst X H. Catalyst Y J. Catalyst Z

=== Passage on Reaction Cycles ===
The movement of H and N through the apparatus as Steps 1−4 occurred is best represented by which of the following expressions? A. Reactor →condenser →Pipe A →Pipe B B. Condenser →reactor →Pipe A →Pipe B C. Reactor →Pipe A →condenser →Pipe B D. Condenser →Pipe A →reactor →Pipe B.

=== Passage on Sound Waves ===
Consider the trial in Experiment 2 that produced 550 kg of NH. Based on Figure 1, the number of cycles that were needed to complete the reaction in this trial was most likely: A. less than 5. B. between 5 and 10. C. between 10 and 15. D. greater than 15.

1. According to Scientist 2, friction between the rocks and the clay is reduced by which of the following?

2. Suppose a researcher observed that wind speeds greater than 80 miles per hour are needed to move the rocks in the playa. This observation is consistent with which of the scientists’ explanations?

3. Suppose that no seismic activity was recorded in the playa where the trails left by the rocks are found. This finding would weaken which of the scientists’ explanations?

4. Suppose it were discovered that a particular rock formed a 200 m long trail in 72hr. Would this discovery support Scientist 1’s explanation?

5. Suppose that during one year there was no measurable movement of any rocks in the playa during the spring. Scientists 1 and 2 would most likely both agree that this was due to the absence of which of the following factors?

6. Suppose that air temperature in the playa varies between 4°C and 47°C. Would this information support the explanation of Scientist 2?

7. If another trial had been performed in Experiment 2 and 450mL of liquid had been measured in the cylinder, the temperature of the diet cola in this trial would most likely have been:

8. Suppose Trial 6 had been repeated, but the bottle of diet cola had been opened and then left undisturbed at 25°C for 12 hours before it was attached to the apparatus. Would the mass of CO produced in this trial likely be greater than 0.969 g or less than 0.969 g?

9. One millimole (mmol) of CO2 has a mass of 0.044 g. How many trials resulted in the production of at least 1mmol of CO2?

10. According to Figure 1, which of Tube A and Tube B, if either, had at least one end submerged in a liquid before the clamp was removed?

11. According to Table 1, as the nickel concentration in the nutrient solutions increased, the average iron content of Species M plants:

12. According to Table 1, the Species U plants that were fed the solution that had a pH of 6 and a nickel concentration of 10μM had an average dry mass of:

13. According to Table 1, Species M plants that were fed a nutrient solution with which of the following combinations of pH and nickel concentration had the greatest average dry mass?

14. According to Table 1 and Figure 1, for the Species M plants that were fed Solutions 1−4, what was the order of the nutrient solutions, from the solution that resulted in the lowest average iron content to the solution that resulted in the highest average iron content?

15. Consider the results of Experiment 1 for 375°C. All H2 and N2 were consumed in less than 20 cycles when which catalysts were used?

16. If a trial had been performed in Experiment 2 at 425°C and 225 atm,

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