1. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. sound, to create,
C. sound to create,
D. sound to create
2. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. Anderson, to ignite her career,
H. Anderson igniting her career
J. Anderson ignited her career
3. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. duplicates
C. doubles
D. copies
4. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. the invention of
H. inventing
J. to invent
5. Which choice provides the most effective transition from the first two sentences of the paragraph to the rest of the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. In fact, science fiction masters like Ray Bradbury and Isaac Asimov received much acclaim for their work at this time.
C. Anderson, who grew up in Chicago, studied classical violin as a child.
D. NASA has grown considerably since it was established in 1958.
6. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. eyeballed all-encompassing snapshots
H. beheld wide-ranging pictorial images
J. ogled comprehensive photographs
7. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. from a video feed provided by
C. of a video feed provided by
D. by a video feed provided of
8. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?
F. stage, where she stands
G. stage as she stands
H. stage. She stands
J. stage; standing
9. At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true sentence: Neil Armstrong was the first man to be photographed walking on the moon’s surface. Should the writer make this addition?
A. Yes, because the sentence contributes to the paragraph’s discussion of how Anderson uses photography in her performance art.
B. Yes, because the sentence contributes to the paragraph’s discussion of how and why The End of the Moon is a reimagining of NASA’s first moon landing.
C. No, because the sentence is not relevant to the paragraph’s description and interpretation of The End of the Moon.
D. No, because the sentence is not relevant to the paragraph’s critique of Anderson’s struggle to make performance art commercially viable.
10. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. to, which she was privy,
H. to which, she was privy,
J. to which she was privy,
11. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. technology’s
C. one’s
D. this
12. Which choice provides the most vivid description of Anderson’s action?
F. NO CHANGE
G. moving a bow over a stringed instrument,
H. producing music by playing a viola,
J. rubbing an instrument with a bow,
13. ...
A. NO CHANGE
B. music is transformed
C. music, transforming
D. music transforming
14. ...
F. NO CHANGE
G. stimulating: and
H. stimulating—
J. stimulating;
15. The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay: Her “talking stick,” for instance, was a six-foot-long baton that could record and replicate sounds. If the writer were to add this sentence, it would most logically be placed at:
A. Point A in Paragraph 1.
B. Point B in Paragraph 1.
C. Point C in Paragraph 1.
D. Point D in Paragraph 2.
16. Young had the ___ experience needed to direct the completion of the project.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Cavalries, Young having
C. Cavalries; Young had
D. Cavalries. Young had
17. Because he had his troops ___ send most of their efforts into the road, Young was just as concerned with maintaining the park’s natural features.
F. NO CHANGE
G. Although
H. Unless
J. If
18. Young was just as concerned with maintaining ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. channel
C. convey
D. shape
19. Nevertheless, since tourist foot traffic tended to damage ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. Additionally,
H. Thus,
J. Still,
20. to protect them from future ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. further harm in the future.
C. further harm.
D. bad stuff.
21. the contributions Young made possible ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. was
H. are
J. is
22. Should the writer make this addition here?
A. Yes, because it explains why it took so long for the National Park Service to formally recognize Young’s accomplishments.
B. Yes, because it provides information about how Palmer inspired Young’s actions at the park.
C. No, because it suggests that other people besides Palmer had already petitioned the National Park Service on Young’s behalf.
D. No, because it provides information that is only loosely related to the main subject of the essay.
23. ___ being promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1916).
F. NO CHANGE
G. having been
H. had been
J. DELETE the underlined portion.
24. Which of the following choices best concludes the sentence and the essay?
A. NO CHANGE
B. where, among the trees dedicated to and named for US generals and presidents, the Colonel Young Tree also stands.
C. where, even beneath the cover of nightfall, people can enjoy park-sponsored activities such as lantern tours.
D. which is a popular place to visit.
25. Suppose the writer’s primary purpose had been to provide an overview of the history of Sequoia National Park. Would this essay accomplish that purpose?
F. Yes, because it explains how the construction of roads through the park has led to broadscale changes from the park’s establishment to today.
G. Yes, because it describes how Young’s contributions led to a historic surge in annual visits to the park.
H. No, because it focuses on Young’s military career rather than on the history of the park.
J. No, because it instead chronicles one significant part of the park’s history.
26. But in 1988, ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. disclose
C. reveal
D. elicit
27. marine biology student Christian Sommer observed ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. marine, biology student, Christian Sommer,
H. marine biology student, Christian Sommer,
J. marine biology student Christian Sommer,
28. T. dohrnii doing something astonishing. Reverting ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. astonishing: reverting
C. astonishing; reverting
D. astonishing reverting
29. If the writer were to delete the underlined sentence, the paragraph would primarily lose:
F. information explaining that T. dohrnii had been observed reverting from maturity to an earlier life stage.
G. a statement that helps clarify the previous details about T. dohrnii’s reversion to hydroid colonies.
H. an alternate perspective that contradicts Sommer’s conclusions about T. dohrnii.
J. evidence that Sommer continued to observe T. dohrnii over time.
30. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best helps the sentence introduce the main focus of the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. been found primarily in the Mediterranean Sea and in waters near Japan.
C. only eight tentacles as a young jellyfish but over eighty as an adult.
D. a multistage life cycle.
31. F. NO CHANGE
F. NO CHANGE
G. colony and, drift away
H. colony and drift away,
J. colony and drift away
32. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one best helps the sentence introduce the main focus of the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. T. dohrnii, if stressed
C. T. dohrnii if stressed,
D. T. dohrnii if stressed
33. There’s no apparent limit to these ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. endlessly recurring cycles of transformation.
H. transformative cycles of metamorphosis.
J. cycles of transformation.
34. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable?
A. journalists invented a nickname for T. dohrnii:
B. journalists nicknamed T. dohrnii, calling it the
C. journalists’ nickname for T. dohrnii: the
D. journalists began calling T. dohrnii the
35. Given that all the choices are accurate, which one provides the most relevant information at this point in the essay?
F. NO CHANGE
G. the cells and genes of T. dohrnii can, theoretically, live indefinitely,
H. an adult T. dohrnii is about as big as a trimmed pinkie nail,
J. T. dohrnii has spread throughout many oceans of the world,
36. In a way, the new jellyfish are ___ amidst the originating adult.
A. NO CHANGE
B. with
C. of
D. to
37. At the cellular level, what the jellyfish ___
F. NO CHANGE
G. all of their
H. all of it’s
J. their
38. which is called transdifferentiation, wherein one type of cell ___
A. NO CHANGE
B. does to transform,
C. does is
D. does,
39. Should the writer make this addition here?
F. Yes, because it adds details about the environmental dangers that T. dohrnii may face.
G. Yes, because it reveals that individual T. dohrnii aren’t actually immortal.
H. No, because it suggests that boat propellers and sea slugs are the only true dangers for T. dohrnii.
J. No, because it interrupts the discussion of T. dohrnii’s cellular transdifferentiation.
40. Which one would best conclude the essay by emphasizing specific benefits of T. dohrnii research?
A. NO CHANGE
B. is the life’s work of Shin Kubota, who studies the only thriving captive population of T. dohrnii.
C. is really important, although there are few experts devoted to the study of this fascinating creature.
D. will require much diligence, since T. dohrnii only produces offspring under very specific conditions.